It's possible under certain conditions:** 1. Uniform Motion: The object must be moving at a constant velocity. 2. Balanced Forces: While there might be multiple forces acting, their combined effect results in zero net force. 3. Directional Consistency: These forces shouldn't change the velocity's maRead more
It’s possible under certain conditions:**
1. Uniform Motion: The object must be moving at a constant velocity.
2. Balanced Forces: While there might be multiple forces acting, their combined effect results in zero net force.
3. Directional Consistency: These forces shouldn’t change the velocity’s magnitude or direction.
Explanation:
– If an object is already moving steadily with constant velocity and the forces acting on it counterbalance each other (resulting in a net force of zero), it maintains its velocity due to Newton’s First Law.
– Despite no unbalanced force causing acceleration or deceleration, the object continues with its constant velocity. For instance, this happens in space or when air resistance balances gravity during free fall (reaching terminal velocity).
Conclusion:
An object can uphold a non-zero velocity while experiencing a net zero unbalanced force by sustaining constant motion with balanced forces, allowing it to move steadily without changing its speed or direction.
When a carpet is beaten with a stick, the mechanical action causes the emergence of dust and particles that have accumulated within the carpet over time. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. Accumulated Debris: Carpets accumulate dust, dirt, and particles within their fibers and beneath thRead more
When a carpet is beaten with a stick, the mechanical action causes the emergence of dust and particles that have accumulated within the carpet over time. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon.
Accumulated Debris:
Carpets accumulate dust, dirt, and particles within their fibers and beneath the surface due to daily use and environmental factors.
Mechanical Disturbance:
The impact of beating the carpet with a stick creates mechanical disturbance and vibration within its structure.
Loosening Particles:
This mechanical force causes the carpet fibers to flex, dislodging and releasing the trapped particles embedded within the carpet’s structure.
Airborne Release:
The sudden impact and vibrations generate a disturbance, ejecting the dislodged particles into the air.
Dislodging from Pile:
Particles trapped within the carpet pile due to gravity or electrostatic forces are forcefully dislodged by the kinetic energy applied during beating.
Conclusion:
Beating a carpet dislodges and releases accumulated dust and debris trapped within its fibers. This mechanical action causes the particles to loosen and become airborne, contributing to a cleaner carpet surface. Regular cleaning methods, including beating or vacuuming, aid in maintaining a cleaner and healthier indoor environment by removing embedded dust and particles from carpets.
- Safety Assurance: Tying luggage with a rope prevents items from falling off the bus roof during travel, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring passenger and pedestrian safety. - Stability and Security: It maintains stability by securing the luggage in place, minimizing shifting or sliding durRead more
– Safety Assurance: Tying luggage with a rope prevents items from falling off the bus roof during travel, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring passenger and pedestrian safety.
– Stability and Security: It maintains stability by securing the luggage in place, minimizing shifting or sliding during the bus’s movement and preventing displacement due to sudden maneuvers.
– Regulatory Compliance: Many transport regulations or safety guidelines mandate the secure attachment of rooftop luggage, ensuring compliance and adherence to safety standards.
– Driver Focus: Securely tied luggage reduces distractions for the bus driver, allowing better focus on safe driving without concerns about loose items.
– Protection from Damage: Properly tying down luggage shields it from potential damage caused by external factors such as wind, rain, or unexpected movements, preserving the integrity of the items during travel.
The correct explanation for why the ball slows to a stop after rolling a short distance on a level ground is: (c) There is a force on the ball opposing the motion. Explanation: - The ball experiences a force opposing its motion, known as friction, between the ball and the ground. - Friction acts inRead more
The correct explanation for why the ball slows to a stop after rolling a short distance on a level ground is:
(c) There is a force on the ball opposing the motion.
Explanation:
– The ball experiences a force opposing its motion, known as friction, between the ball and the ground.
– Friction acts in the direction opposite to the ball’s motion, gradually reducing its speed until it comes to a stop.
– As the ball rolls on the ground, friction between the ball and the surface gradually dissipates its kinetic energy, bringing it to rest.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
– (a) The batsman did not hit the ball hard enough: This option does not directly relate to the slowing down of the ball due to friction.
– (b) Velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball: While this statement has some truth regarding acceleration (not velocity), it doesn’t explain the ball’s slowing down due to opposing forces.
– (d) There is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest: This option is partially correct in stating that the absence of an unbalanced force leads to the ball’s tendency to come to rest, but it doesn’t directly address the opposing force of friction causing the slowdown.
- Distance traveled by the truck (s) = 400 m - Time taken (t) = 20 s - Mass of the truck (m) = 7 metric tonnes = 7,000 kg (as 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg) Calculating Acceleration: We'll use the kinematic equation ( s = ut + 1/2 at²), where (u) is the initial velocity (which is 0 m/s as the truck startRead more
– Distance traveled by the truck (s) = 400 m
– Time taken (t) = 20 s
– Mass of the truck (m) = 7 metric tonnes = 7,000 kg (as 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg)
Calculating Acceleration:
We’ll use the kinematic equation ( s = ut + 1/2 at²), where (u) is the initial velocity (which is 0 m/s as the truck starts from rest).
s = ut + 1/2 at²
400 = 0 x 20 + 1/2 x a x 20²
400 = 200a
a = 400/200
a = 2m/s²
Calculating Force:
Now, using Newton’s second law of motion F = ma :
Given:
– Mass m = 7000 kg
– Acceleration (a) = 2 m/s²
F = ma
F = 7000 x 2
F = 14,000 N
Conclusion:
The acceleration of the truck rolling down the hill is 2 m/s² , and the force acting on it, considering its mass of 7 metric tonnes, is 14,000 Newtons.
Vigorous shaking of tree branches applies mechanical stress, inducing rapid motion. This stress affects leaf attachments, subjecting them to shearing forces and friction against the surrounding air. Weakened connections due to aging or disease make leaves more susceptible to detachment. Inertia resiRead more
Vigorous shaking of tree branches applies mechanical stress, inducing rapid motion. This stress affects leaf attachments, subjecting them to shearing forces and friction against the surrounding air. Weakened connections due to aging or disease make leaves more susceptible to detachment. Inertia resists sudden changes in motion, contributing to the stress on leaf attachments. The collective effect of mechanical stress, dynamic forces, weakened connections, and natural responses of trees to external stimuli results in the detachment of leaves during vigorous shaking, shedding older or damaged leaves as a survival response to environmental stressors.
1. Electron Orbits and Stability: Rutherford's model proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus in a manner similar to planets orbiting the sun. However, it couldn't explain why the electrons, being charged particles in motion, didn't lose energy and spiral into the nucleus according to classical eRead more
1. Electron Orbits and Stability: Rutherford’s model proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus in a manner similar to planets orbiting the sun. However, it couldn’t explain why the electrons, being charged particles in motion, didn’t lose energy and spiral into the nucleus according to classical electromagnetic theory. This lack of explanation about electron stability raised questions about the model’s accuracy.
2. Failure to Account for Line Spectra: The model couldn’t explain the specific discrete wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by elements, leading to distinctive line spectra. It didn’t provide insights into why different elements showed unique spectral patterns.
3. Static Nature of Electron Orbits: Rutherford’s model suggested that electrons moved in fixed paths around the nucleus. However, this depiction contradicted classical physics, suggesting that accelerating charges should continuously emit energy and collapse into the nucleus over time, which wasn’t observed experimentally.
4. Absence of Quantum Mechanical Principles: The model was based on classical physics and didn’t incorporate the principles of quantum mechanics, which are fundamental to understanding the behavior of particles at the atomic scale. It couldn’t explain the wave-like behavior of electrons or the quantization of energy levels.
5. No Explanation for Atomic Sizes: Rutherford’s model didn’t offer any explanation for the sizes of atoms or the arrangement of electrons within atomic orbitals, which were later understood through quantum mechanics and electron cloud models.
Despite its significance in proposing the concept of a central atomic nucleus, Rutherford’s model had limitations concerning electron stability, spectral lines, failure to incorporate quantum principles, and the static nature of electron orbits. These limitations prompted further research and the development of more comprehensive models, notably the Bohr model and quantum mechanics, which provided a deeper understanding of atomic structure and behavior.
Understanding the structure of an atom lies the comprehension of its three fundamental subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. 1. Protons: These positively charged particles reside within the nucleus at the center of an atom. They were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in his gold foilRead more
Understanding the structure of an atom lies the comprehension of its three fundamental subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
1. Protons: These positively charged particles reside within the nucleus at the center of an atom. They were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in his gold foil experiment. Each proton carries an equal and positive electrical charge. The number of protons in an atom is known as its atomic number, denoted by “Z” in the periodic table. This number distinguishes one element from another. For instance, hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1, has one proton, while carbon, with an atomic number of 6, contains six protons.
2. **Neutrons:** Neutrons are electrically neutral particles found alongside protons within the nucleus of an atom. These were first hypothesized by James Chadwick in the early 1930s. Unlike protons, neutrons have no electrical charge. However, they play a crucial role in the stability of the nucleus by counteracting the mutual repulsion between positively charged protons. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom defines its mass number, often symbolized as “A” in scientific notation. Isotopes of an element possess the same number of protons but differ in their neutron count.
3. **Electrons:** These negatively charged particles orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. They were discovered by J.J. Thomson in his experiments with cathode rays. Electrons are incredibly lightweight compared to protons and neutrons. The number of electrons orbiting an atom is typically equal to the number of protons, ensuring that the atom remains electrically neutral. However, electrons can move between different energy levels or be shared, gained, or lost during chemical reactions, thereby influencing an atom’s reactivity and forming chemical bonds between atoms.
Understanding the interplay and characteristics of these subatomic particles is fundamental in comprehending the behavior of elements, their interactions, and the formation of compounds, which collectively shape the diverse world of chemistry.
Understanding the composition of an atom, particularly the number of neutrons present, is vital in comprehending its stability and characteristics. 1. Atomic Mass and Protons: Helium, symbolized as He on the periodic table, possesses an atomic mass of 4 atomic mass units (u) and contains two protonsRead more
Understanding the composition of an atom, particularly the number of neutrons present, is vital in comprehending its stability and characteristics.
1. Atomic Mass and Protons: Helium, symbolized as He on the periodic table, possesses an atomic mass of 4 atomic mass units (u) and contains two protons in its nucleus. Protons, being positively charged particles, define an element’s identity. In the case of helium, the presence of two protons signifies its position as the second element in the periodic table.
2. Determining Neutrons: The atomic mass of an element includes the combined mass of its protons and neutrons. To find the number of neutrons in a helium atom, we use the formula:
Number of neutrons = Atomic mass number – Number of protons
In this instance:
Atomic mass number (A) = 4 u
Number of protons (Z) = 2
3. Calculation: By substituting these values into the formula, we calculate the number of neutrons:
Number of neutrons = Atomic mass number – Number of protons
Number of neutrons = 4 – 2
Number of neutrons = 2
4. Result: Hence, a helium atom, with an atomic mass of 4 u and two protons within its nucleus, contains 2 neutrons. These neutrons, along with the protons, contribute to the overall mass of the atom while also contributing to the stability of the nucleus.
Understanding the specific quantities of protons, neutrons, and electrons within an atom is pivotal in elucidating its properties, behavior in chemical reactions, and overall role in the formation of matter in our universe.
Carbon (C): 1. Atomic number: 6 2. Electron configuration: - 2 electrons in the first shell (1s²) - 4 electrons in the second shell (2s² 2p²) 3. Total electrons: 6 4. Chemical behavior: - Has 4 electrons in its outer shell. - These 4 outer electrons make carbon versatile in forming compounds due toRead more
Carbon (C):
1. Atomic number: 6
2. Electron configuration:
– 2 electrons in the first shell (1s²)
– 4 electrons in the second shell (2s² 2p²)
3. Total electrons: 6
4. Chemical behavior:
– Has 4 electrons in its outer shell.
– These 4 outer electrons make carbon versatile in forming compounds due to the availability of bonding sites.
– Can form single, double, or triple bonds with other elements, enabling the creation of diverse organic and inorganic compounds.
Sodium (Na):
1. Atomic number: 11
2. Electron configuration:
– 2 electrons in the first shell (1s²)
– 8 electrons in the second shell (2s² 2p⁶)
– 1 electron in the third shell (3s¹)
3. Total electrons: 11
4. Chemical behavior:
– Has 1 electron in its outermost shell (valence electron).
– Sodium tends to lose this valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
– Highly reactive due to its readiness to donate this electron, forming positively charged ions (Na⁺).
Understanding the electron configurations of these elements helps predict their reactivity and their involvement in various chemical reactions to achieve stable electron configurations, influencing the compounds they form and their roles in chemical processes.
An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on the magnitude and direction of the velocity. If no, provide a reason.
It's possible under certain conditions:** 1. Uniform Motion: The object must be moving at a constant velocity. 2. Balanced Forces: While there might be multiple forces acting, their combined effect results in zero net force. 3. Directional Consistency: These forces shouldn't change the velocity's maRead more
It’s possible under certain conditions:**
1. Uniform Motion: The object must be moving at a constant velocity.
2. Balanced Forces: While there might be multiple forces acting, their combined effect results in zero net force.
3. Directional Consistency: These forces shouldn’t change the velocity’s magnitude or direction.
Explanation:
– If an object is already moving steadily with constant velocity and the forces acting on it counterbalance each other (resulting in a net force of zero), it maintains its velocity due to Newton’s First Law.
– Despite no unbalanced force causing acceleration or deceleration, the object continues with its constant velocity. For instance, this happens in space or when air resistance balances gravity during free fall (reaching terminal velocity).
Conclusion:
See lessAn object can uphold a non-zero velocity while experiencing a net zero unbalanced force by sustaining constant motion with balanced forces, allowing it to move steadily without changing its speed or direction.
When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.
When a carpet is beaten with a stick, the mechanical action causes the emergence of dust and particles that have accumulated within the carpet over time. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. Accumulated Debris: Carpets accumulate dust, dirt, and particles within their fibers and beneath thRead more
When a carpet is beaten with a stick, the mechanical action causes the emergence of dust and particles that have accumulated within the carpet over time. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon.
Accumulated Debris:
Carpets accumulate dust, dirt, and particles within their fibers and beneath the surface due to daily use and environmental factors.
Mechanical Disturbance:
The impact of beating the carpet with a stick creates mechanical disturbance and vibration within its structure.
Loosening Particles:
This mechanical force causes the carpet fibers to flex, dislodging and releasing the trapped particles embedded within the carpet’s structure.
Airborne Release:
The sudden impact and vibrations generate a disturbance, ejecting the dislodged particles into the air.
Dislodging from Pile:
Particles trapped within the carpet pile due to gravity or electrostatic forces are forcefully dislodged by the kinetic energy applied during beating.
Conclusion:
See lessBeating a carpet dislodges and releases accumulated dust and debris trapped within its fibers. This mechanical action causes the particles to loosen and become airborne, contributing to a cleaner carpet surface. Regular cleaning methods, including beating or vacuuming, aid in maintaining a cleaner and healthier indoor environment by removing embedded dust and particles from carpets.
Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope?
- Safety Assurance: Tying luggage with a rope prevents items from falling off the bus roof during travel, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring passenger and pedestrian safety. - Stability and Security: It maintains stability by securing the luggage in place, minimizing shifting or sliding durRead more
– Safety Assurance: Tying luggage with a rope prevents items from falling off the bus roof during travel, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring passenger and pedestrian safety.
– Stability and Security: It maintains stability by securing the luggage in place, minimizing shifting or sliding during the bus’s movement and preventing displacement due to sudden maneuvers.
– Regulatory Compliance: Many transport regulations or safety guidelines mandate the secure attachment of rooftop luggage, ensuring compliance and adherence to safety standards.
– Driver Focus: Securely tied luggage reduces distractions for the bus driver, allowing better focus on safe driving without concerns about loose items.
– Protection from Damage: Properly tying down luggage shields it from potential damage caused by external factors such as wind, rain, or unexpected movements, preserving the integrity of the items during travel.
See lessA batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level ground. After covering a short distance, the ball comes to rest. The ball slows to a stop because
The correct explanation for why the ball slows to a stop after rolling a short distance on a level ground is: (c) There is a force on the ball opposing the motion. Explanation: - The ball experiences a force opposing its motion, known as friction, between the ball and the ground. - Friction acts inRead more
The correct explanation for why the ball slows to a stop after rolling a short distance on a level ground is:
(c) There is a force on the ball opposing the motion.
Explanation:
– The ball experiences a force opposing its motion, known as friction, between the ball and the ground.
– Friction acts in the direction opposite to the ball’s motion, gradually reducing its speed until it comes to a stop.
– As the ball rolls on the ground, friction between the ball and the surface gradually dissipates its kinetic energy, bringing it to rest.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
See less– (a) The batsman did not hit the ball hard enough: This option does not directly relate to the slowing down of the ball due to friction.
– (b) Velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball: While this statement has some truth regarding acceleration (not velocity), it doesn’t explain the ball’s slowing down due to opposing forces.
– (d) There is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest: This option is partially correct in stating that the absence of an unbalanced force leads to the ball’s tendency to come to rest, but it doesn’t directly address the opposing force of friction causing the slowdown.
A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 metric tonnes (Hint: 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg.)
- Distance traveled by the truck (s) = 400 m - Time taken (t) = 20 s - Mass of the truck (m) = 7 metric tonnes = 7,000 kg (as 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg) Calculating Acceleration: We'll use the kinematic equation ( s = ut + 1/2 at²), where (u) is the initial velocity (which is 0 m/s as the truck startRead more
– Distance traveled by the truck (s) = 400 m
– Time taken (t) = 20 s
– Mass of the truck (m) = 7 metric tonnes = 7,000 kg (as 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg)
Calculating Acceleration:
We’ll use the kinematic equation ( s = ut + 1/2 at²), where (u) is the initial velocity (which is 0 m/s as the truck starts from rest).
s = ut + 1/2 at²
400 = 0 x 20 + 1/2 x a x 20²
400 = 200a
a = 400/200
a = 2m/s²
Calculating Force:
Now, using Newton’s second law of motion F = ma :
Given:
– Mass m = 7000 kg
– Acceleration (a) = 2 m/s²
F = ma
F = 7000 x 2
F = 14,000 N
Conclusion:
See lessThe acceleration of the truck rolling down the hill is 2 m/s² , and the force acting on it, considering its mass of 7 metric tonnes, is 14,000 Newtons.
Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.
Vigorous shaking of tree branches applies mechanical stress, inducing rapid motion. This stress affects leaf attachments, subjecting them to shearing forces and friction against the surrounding air. Weakened connections due to aging or disease make leaves more susceptible to detachment. Inertia resiRead more
Vigorous shaking of tree branches applies mechanical stress, inducing rapid motion. This stress affects leaf attachments, subjecting them to shearing forces and friction against the surrounding air. Weakened connections due to aging or disease make leaves more susceptible to detachment. Inertia resists sudden changes in motion, contributing to the stress on leaf attachments. The collective effect of mechanical stress, dynamic forces, weakened connections, and natural responses of trees to external stimuli results in the detachment of leaves during vigorous shaking, shedding older or damaged leaves as a survival response to environmental stressors.
See lessWhat are the limitations of Rutherford’s model of the atom?
1. Electron Orbits and Stability: Rutherford's model proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus in a manner similar to planets orbiting the sun. However, it couldn't explain why the electrons, being charged particles in motion, didn't lose energy and spiral into the nucleus according to classical eRead more
1. Electron Orbits and Stability: Rutherford’s model proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus in a manner similar to planets orbiting the sun. However, it couldn’t explain why the electrons, being charged particles in motion, didn’t lose energy and spiral into the nucleus according to classical electromagnetic theory. This lack of explanation about electron stability raised questions about the model’s accuracy.
2. Failure to Account for Line Spectra: The model couldn’t explain the specific discrete wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by elements, leading to distinctive line spectra. It didn’t provide insights into why different elements showed unique spectral patterns.
3. Static Nature of Electron Orbits: Rutherford’s model suggested that electrons moved in fixed paths around the nucleus. However, this depiction contradicted classical physics, suggesting that accelerating charges should continuously emit energy and collapse into the nucleus over time, which wasn’t observed experimentally.
4. Absence of Quantum Mechanical Principles: The model was based on classical physics and didn’t incorporate the principles of quantum mechanics, which are fundamental to understanding the behavior of particles at the atomic scale. It couldn’t explain the wave-like behavior of electrons or the quantization of energy levels.
5. No Explanation for Atomic Sizes: Rutherford’s model didn’t offer any explanation for the sizes of atoms or the arrangement of electrons within atomic orbitals, which were later understood through quantum mechanics and electron cloud models.
Despite its significance in proposing the concept of a central atomic nucleus, Rutherford’s model had limitations concerning electron stability, spectral lines, failure to incorporate quantum principles, and the static nature of electron orbits. These limitations prompted further research and the development of more comprehensive models, notably the Bohr model and quantum mechanics, which provided a deeper understanding of atomic structure and behavior.
See lessName the three sub-atomic particles of an atom.
Understanding the structure of an atom lies the comprehension of its three fundamental subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. 1. Protons: These positively charged particles reside within the nucleus at the center of an atom. They were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in his gold foilRead more
Understanding the structure of an atom lies the comprehension of its three fundamental subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
1. Protons: These positively charged particles reside within the nucleus at the center of an atom. They were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in his gold foil experiment. Each proton carries an equal and positive electrical charge. The number of protons in an atom is known as its atomic number, denoted by “Z” in the periodic table. This number distinguishes one element from another. For instance, hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1, has one proton, while carbon, with an atomic number of 6, contains six protons.
2. **Neutrons:** Neutrons are electrically neutral particles found alongside protons within the nucleus of an atom. These were first hypothesized by James Chadwick in the early 1930s. Unlike protons, neutrons have no electrical charge. However, they play a crucial role in the stability of the nucleus by counteracting the mutual repulsion between positively charged protons. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom defines its mass number, often symbolized as “A” in scientific notation. Isotopes of an element possess the same number of protons but differ in their neutron count.
3. **Electrons:** These negatively charged particles orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. They were discovered by J.J. Thomson in his experiments with cathode rays. Electrons are incredibly lightweight compared to protons and neutrons. The number of electrons orbiting an atom is typically equal to the number of protons, ensuring that the atom remains electrically neutral. However, electrons can move between different energy levels or be shared, gained, or lost during chemical reactions, thereby influencing an atom’s reactivity and forming chemical bonds between atoms.
Understanding the interplay and characteristics of these subatomic particles is fundamental in comprehending the behavior of elements, their interactions, and the formation of compounds, which collectively shape the diverse world of chemistry.
See lessHelium atom has an atomic mass of 4 u and two protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons does it have?
Understanding the composition of an atom, particularly the number of neutrons present, is vital in comprehending its stability and characteristics. 1. Atomic Mass and Protons: Helium, symbolized as He on the periodic table, possesses an atomic mass of 4 atomic mass units (u) and contains two protonsRead more
Understanding the composition of an atom, particularly the number of neutrons present, is vital in comprehending its stability and characteristics.
1. Atomic Mass and Protons: Helium, symbolized as He on the periodic table, possesses an atomic mass of 4 atomic mass units (u) and contains two protons in its nucleus. Protons, being positively charged particles, define an element’s identity. In the case of helium, the presence of two protons signifies its position as the second element in the periodic table.
2. Determining Neutrons: The atomic mass of an element includes the combined mass of its protons and neutrons. To find the number of neutrons in a helium atom, we use the formula:
Number of neutrons = Atomic mass number – Number of protons
In this instance:
Atomic mass number (A) = 4 u
Number of protons (Z) = 2
3. Calculation: By substituting these values into the formula, we calculate the number of neutrons:
Number of neutrons = Atomic mass number – Number of protons
Number of neutrons = 4 – 2
Number of neutrons = 2
4. Result: Hence, a helium atom, with an atomic mass of 4 u and two protons within its nucleus, contains 2 neutrons. These neutrons, along with the protons, contribute to the overall mass of the atom while also contributing to the stability of the nucleus.
Understanding the specific quantities of protons, neutrons, and electrons within an atom is pivotal in elucidating its properties, behavior in chemical reactions, and overall role in the formation of matter in our universe.
See lessWrite the distribution of electrons in carbon and sodium atoms.
Carbon (C): 1. Atomic number: 6 2. Electron configuration: - 2 electrons in the first shell (1s²) - 4 electrons in the second shell (2s² 2p²) 3. Total electrons: 6 4. Chemical behavior: - Has 4 electrons in its outer shell. - These 4 outer electrons make carbon versatile in forming compounds due toRead more
Carbon (C):
1. Atomic number: 6
2. Electron configuration:
– 2 electrons in the first shell (1s²)
– 4 electrons in the second shell (2s² 2p²)
3. Total electrons: 6
4. Chemical behavior:
– Has 4 electrons in its outer shell.
– These 4 outer electrons make carbon versatile in forming compounds due to the availability of bonding sites.
– Can form single, double, or triple bonds with other elements, enabling the creation of diverse organic and inorganic compounds.
Sodium (Na):
1. Atomic number: 11
2. Electron configuration:
– 2 electrons in the first shell (1s²)
– 8 electrons in the second shell (2s² 2p⁶)
– 1 electron in the third shell (3s¹)
3. Total electrons: 11
4. Chemical behavior:
– Has 1 electron in its outermost shell (valence electron).
– Sodium tends to lose this valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
– Highly reactive due to its readiness to donate this electron, forming positively charged ions (Na⁺).
Understanding the electron configurations of these elements helps predict their reactivity and their involvement in various chemical reactions to achieve stable electron configurations, influencing the compounds they form and their roles in chemical processes.
See less