1. J.J. Thomson's atomic model suggested that atoms consisted of a positively charged sphere with embedded electrons, akin to plums in a pudding. This implied that atoms were not indivisible but had a substructure, challenging the prevailing notion of atomic indivisibility.

    J.J. Thomson’s atomic model suggested that atoms consisted of a positively charged sphere with embedded electrons, akin to plums in a pudding. This implied that atoms were not indivisible but had a substructure, challenging the prevailing notion of atomic indivisibility.

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  2. Canal rays are distinguished from other types of radiation by their positive charge. They are positively charged ions that travel in a straight line within a discharge tube, opposite to the direction of electrons.

    Canal rays are distinguished from other types of radiation by their positive charge. They are positively charged ions that travel in a straight line within a discharge tube, opposite to the direction of electrons.

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  3. In 1886, E. Goldstein discovered canal rays, positively charged ions that travel opposite to electrons in a discharge tube. This discovery contributed to the understanding of atomic structure by revealing the presence of positively charged particles later identified as protons within atoms.

    In 1886, E. Goldstein discovered canal rays, positively charged ions that travel opposite to electrons in a discharge tube. This discovery contributed to the understanding of atomic structure by revealing the presence of positively charged particles later identified as protons within atoms.

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  4. Experiments, such as the gold foil experiment by Rutherford and the discovery of canal rays by Goldstein, provided crucial empirical evidence that led to the refinement and development of early atomic models, shaping our understanding of atomic structure.

    Experiments, such as the gold foil experiment by Rutherford and the discovery of canal rays by Goldstein, provided crucial empirical evidence that led to the refinement and development of early atomic models, shaping our understanding of atomic structure.

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  5. Discoveries in electricity, such as the identification of positive and negative charges and the behavior of particles in electric fields, challenged the idea of atoms as indivisible by revealing the existence of subatomic particles like electrons and protons within atoms.

    Discoveries in electricity, such as the identification of positive and negative charges and the behavior of particles in electric fields, challenged the idea of atoms as indivisible by revealing the existence of subatomic particles like electrons and protons within atoms.

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