Differences Between Radicals and Moderates in Congress: 1. Approach towards British Rule: - Moderates: Advocated cautious and constitutional methods, preferring gradual reforms and cooperation with the British. - Radicals: Adopted an assertive stance, demanding immediate and radical measures againstRead more
Differences Between Radicals and Moderates in Congress:
1. Approach towards British Rule:
– Moderates: Advocated cautious and constitutional methods, preferring gradual reforms and cooperation with the British.
– Radicals: Adopted an assertive stance, demanding immediate and radical measures against British rule, favoring confrontational methods.
2. Political Objectives:
– Moderates: Aimed for reforms within the existing British framework, focusing on gradual political advancements.
– Radicals: Pursued more radical goals, including complete self-governance and immediate independence from British rule.
3. Protest Methods:
– Moderates: Preferred peaceful methods like petitions and discussions within the British system to convey Indian grievances.
– Radicals: Embraced agitational politics, protests, mass movements, and civil disobedience as means of resistance.
4. Representation of Interests:
– Moderates: Represented the educated elite and bourgeoisie, primarily from urban areas.
– Radicals: Had a broader appeal, representing diverse sections of society, including peasants and workers.
5. View of British Rule:
– Moderates: Viewed British rule as a partnership and sought cooperation for gradual reforms.
– Radicals: Perceived British rule as exploitative and oppressive, advocating for immediate and complete independence.
The Radicals pursued a more assertive and confrontational approach, advocating for immediate independence, while the Moderates opted for cautious and cooperative methods within the British framework for gradual reforms.
Non-Cooperation Movement Across India: 1. Boycott of British Institutions: Indians boycotted British-run educational institutions, courts, and government services. 2. Surrender of Titles: Many voluntarily relinquished titles, honors, and government positions as a form of protest. 3. Promotion of SwaRead more
Non-Cooperation Movement Across India:
1. Boycott of British Institutions: Indians boycotted British-run educational institutions, courts, and government services.
2. Surrender of Titles: Many voluntarily relinquished titles, honors, and government positions as a form of protest.
3. Promotion of Swadeshi Goods: Emphasized the use of indigenous products and boycotted foreign goods to foster self-reliance.
4. Hartals and Strikes: Organized strikes and hartals, shutting down businesses and services in protest.
5. Mass Demonstrations: Conducted mass gatherings, marches, and protests against British policies.
People’s Perception of Gandhi:
– Respect and Admiration: Revered Gandhi for his simplicity, moral values, and commitment to non-violence.
– Symbol of Resistance: Viewed him as a symbol of India’s struggle against oppression.
– Leadership and Inspiration: Seen as a visionary leader inspiring masses through non-violent protests.
– Hope for Independence: Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence offered hope and inspired people towards achieving freedom.
Gandhi’s leadership and philosophy deeply resonated with people, motivating widespread participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement as a peaceful means to oppose British rule and strive for independence.
Why Gandhi Criticized English Education: 1. Cultural Domination: Gandhi believed English education imposed Western culture, eroding Indian traditions and heritage. 2. Disconnect from Roots: English education led to a detachment from Indian languages and customs, causing a rift from indigenous culturRead more
Why Gandhi Criticized English Education:
1. Cultural Domination: Gandhi believed English education imposed Western culture, eroding Indian traditions and heritage.
2. Disconnect from Roots: English education led to a detachment from Indian languages and customs, causing a rift from indigenous culture.
3. Colonial Dependency: Gandhi feared it perpetuated colonial control by creating an anglicized class serving British interests.
4. Economic Dependence: English education produced a workforce more beneficial to the British, fostering economic reliance.
5. Neglect of Moral Values: Gandhi felt it prioritized materialism, neglecting spiritual and moral development.
Gandhi advocated for an education system promoting indigenous languages, vocational training, and moral growth to foster self-reliance, preserve cultural pride, and nurture spiritual values among Indians.
Reasons for Dissatisfaction with British Rule (1870s-1880s): 1. Economic Exploitation: British policies favored colonial economic interests, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources and high land taxes. 2. Social Discrimination: Racial discrimination by the British led to social division andRead more
Reasons for Dissatisfaction with British Rule (1870s-1880s):
1. Economic Exploitation: British policies favored colonial economic interests, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources and high land taxes.
2. Social Discrimination: Racial discrimination by the British led to social division and resentment among Indians.
3. Agricultural Distress: Policies like the Permanent Settlement resulted in rural distress, impoverishing farmers and causing indebtedness.
4. Lack of Political Representation: Indians were excluded from key decision-making bodies, leading to discontent over the absence of Indian representation.
5. Cultural Erosion: Promotion of Western education and neglect of indigenous culture caused dissatisfaction due to cultural erosion.
6. Military Grievances: The discontent among Indian soldiers over service conditions and discriminatory treatment persisted from the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
These grievances collectively fueled widespread discontent among Indians towards British rule, paving the way for the growth of the Indian nationalist movement.
Economic Impact of World War I on India: 1. Industrial Growth: Increased demand for goods led to boosted production in industries like textiles, jute, and steel, contributing to industrial growth. 2. Agricultural Upsurge: Initially, agriculture flourished due to heightened demand for food supplies,Read more
Economic Impact of World War I on India:
1. Industrial Growth: Increased demand for goods led to boosted production in industries like textiles, jute, and steel, contributing to industrial growth.
2. Agricultural Upsurge: Initially, agriculture flourished due to heightened demand for food supplies, resulting in higher prices and improved rural incomes.
3. Inflation and Price Rise: The surge in demand caused inflation, escalating prices and affecting the urban poor adversely.
4. Fiscal Strain: India faced a heavy fiscal burden due to war expenses, leading to increased taxation and borrowing to support the war effort.
5. Trade Disruption: Global trade disruptions during the war affected India’s imports and exports, impacting trade and commerce.
6. Post-War Recession: After the war, reduced demand for goods led to a post-war recession, causing unemployment and economic slowdown.
World War I had mixed economic effects on India, initially stimulating growth in certain sectors but ultimately leading to challenges like inflation, fiscal strain, trade disruptions, and post-war recession.
How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Differences Between Radicals and Moderates in Congress: 1. Approach towards British Rule: - Moderates: Advocated cautious and constitutional methods, preferring gradual reforms and cooperation with the British. - Radicals: Adopted an assertive stance, demanding immediate and radical measures againstRead more
Differences Between Radicals and Moderates in Congress:
1. Approach towards British Rule:
– Moderates: Advocated cautious and constitutional methods, preferring gradual reforms and cooperation with the British.
– Radicals: Adopted an assertive stance, demanding immediate and radical measures against British rule, favoring confrontational methods.
2. Political Objectives:
– Moderates: Aimed for reforms within the existing British framework, focusing on gradual political advancements.
– Radicals: Pursued more radical goals, including complete self-governance and immediate independence from British rule.
3. Protest Methods:
– Moderates: Preferred peaceful methods like petitions and discussions within the British system to convey Indian grievances.
– Radicals: Embraced agitational politics, protests, mass movements, and civil disobedience as means of resistance.
4. Representation of Interests:
– Moderates: Represented the educated elite and bourgeoisie, primarily from urban areas.
– Radicals: Had a broader appeal, representing diverse sections of society, including peasants and workers.
5. View of British Rule:
– Moderates: Viewed British rule as a partnership and sought cooperation for gradual reforms.
– Radicals: Perceived British rule as exploitative and oppressive, advocating for immediate and complete independence.
The Radicals pursued a more assertive and confrontational approach, advocating for immediate independence, while the Moderates opted for cautious and cooperative methods within the British framework for gradual reforms.
See lessDiscuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Non-Cooperation Movement Across India: 1. Boycott of British Institutions: Indians boycotted British-run educational institutions, courts, and government services. 2. Surrender of Titles: Many voluntarily relinquished titles, honors, and government positions as a form of protest. 3. Promotion of SwaRead more
Non-Cooperation Movement Across India:
1. Boycott of British Institutions: Indians boycotted British-run educational institutions, courts, and government services.
2. Surrender of Titles: Many voluntarily relinquished titles, honors, and government positions as a form of protest.
3. Promotion of Swadeshi Goods: Emphasized the use of indigenous products and boycotted foreign goods to foster self-reliance.
4. Hartals and Strikes: Organized strikes and hartals, shutting down businesses and services in protest.
5. Mass Demonstrations: Conducted mass gatherings, marches, and protests against British policies.
People’s Perception of Gandhi:
– Respect and Admiration: Revered Gandhi for his simplicity, moral values, and commitment to non-violence.
– Symbol of Resistance: Viewed him as a symbol of India’s struggle against oppression.
– Leadership and Inspiration: Seen as a visionary leader inspiring masses through non-violent protests.
– Hope for Independence: Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence offered hope and inspired people towards achieving freedom.
Gandhi’s leadership and philosophy deeply resonated with people, motivating widespread participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement as a peaceful means to oppose British rule and strive for independence.
See lessWhy did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?
Why Gandhi Criticized English Education: 1. Cultural Domination: Gandhi believed English education imposed Western culture, eroding Indian traditions and heritage. 2. Disconnect from Roots: English education led to a detachment from Indian languages and customs, causing a rift from indigenous culturRead more
Why Gandhi Criticized English Education:
1. Cultural Domination: Gandhi believed English education imposed Western culture, eroding Indian traditions and heritage.
2. Disconnect from Roots: English education led to a detachment from Indian languages and customs, causing a rift from indigenous culture.
3. Colonial Dependency: Gandhi feared it perpetuated colonial control by creating an anglicized class serving British interests.
4. Economic Dependence: English education produced a workforce more beneficial to the British, fostering economic reliance.
5. Neglect of Moral Values: Gandhi felt it prioritized materialism, neglecting spiritual and moral development.
Gandhi advocated for an education system promoting indigenous languages, vocational training, and moral growth to foster self-reliance, preserve cultural pride, and nurture spiritual values among Indians.
See lessWhy were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Reasons for Dissatisfaction with British Rule (1870s-1880s): 1. Economic Exploitation: British policies favored colonial economic interests, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources and high land taxes. 2. Social Discrimination: Racial discrimination by the British led to social division andRead more
Reasons for Dissatisfaction with British Rule (1870s-1880s):
1. Economic Exploitation: British policies favored colonial economic interests, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources and high land taxes.
2. Social Discrimination: Racial discrimination by the British led to social division and resentment among Indians.
3. Agricultural Distress: Policies like the Permanent Settlement resulted in rural distress, impoverishing farmers and causing indebtedness.
4. Lack of Political Representation: Indians were excluded from key decision-making bodies, leading to discontent over the absence of Indian representation.
5. Cultural Erosion: Promotion of Western education and neglect of indigenous culture caused dissatisfaction due to cultural erosion.
6. Military Grievances: The discontent among Indian soldiers over service conditions and discriminatory treatment persisted from the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
These grievances collectively fueled widespread discontent among Indians towards British rule, paving the way for the growth of the Indian nationalist movement.
See lessWhat economic impact did the First World War have on India?
Economic Impact of World War I on India: 1. Industrial Growth: Increased demand for goods led to boosted production in industries like textiles, jute, and steel, contributing to industrial growth. 2. Agricultural Upsurge: Initially, agriculture flourished due to heightened demand for food supplies,Read more
Economic Impact of World War I on India:
1. Industrial Growth: Increased demand for goods led to boosted production in industries like textiles, jute, and steel, contributing to industrial growth.
2. Agricultural Upsurge: Initially, agriculture flourished due to heightened demand for food supplies, resulting in higher prices and improved rural incomes.
3. Inflation and Price Rise: The surge in demand caused inflation, escalating prices and affecting the urban poor adversely.
4. Fiscal Strain: India faced a heavy fiscal burden due to war expenses, leading to increased taxation and borrowing to support the war effort.
5. Trade Disruption: Global trade disruptions during the war affected India’s imports and exports, impacting trade and commerce.
6. Post-War Recession: After the war, reduced demand for goods led to a post-war recession, causing unemployment and economic slowdown.
World War I had mixed economic effects on India, initially stimulating growth in certain sectors but ultimately leading to challenges like inflation, fiscal strain, trade disruptions, and post-war recession.
See less