Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly shepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thornyRead more
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly
shepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thorny scrubs. Only bajra could be sown here but in the monsoon the area became a vast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. By October they shifted to Konkan because that was a flourishing agricultural tract high rainfall and rich soil. The Konkan peasants gave them supplies of rice. Dhangar flocks manured the fields and fed on the
stubble. With the onset of the monsoon, the Dhangars left the Konkan and the coastal areas with their flocks and returned to their settlements on the dry plateau because the sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move theirRead more
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move their herds and flocks to new areas. This continuous movement also allows the pasture to recover. It prevents their overuse too.
They move annually between their summer and winter grazing grounds. In winter, when the high mountains are covered with snow, they live with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The dry scrub forests provide pastures for their herds. By the end of April they begin their northern marchRead more
They move annually between their summer and winter grazing grounds. In winter,
when the high mountains are covered with snow, they live with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The dry scrub forests provide pastures for their herds. By the end of April they begin their northern march for their summer grazing grounds. They move in a Kafila. With the onset of summer, the snow melted and the mountainsides were lush green. The variety of grasses provided rich nutritious forage for the animal herds. By end September they move again on their downward journey, back to their winter base. When the high mountains are covered with snow, the herds are grazed in the low hills.
(i) The caste-politics in India has helped Dalits and OBCs to gain better access to decision making. (ii) Several political and non-political organisations have come forward in support of particular castes. They have demanded to end discrimination against them. Their demands include more dignity forRead more
(i) The caste-politics in India has helped Dalits and OBCs to gain better access to decision making.
(ii) Several political and non-political organisations have come forward in support of particular castes. They have demanded to end discrimination against them. Their demands include more dignity for them, more access to land, resources and opportunities. But it may be mentioned here that politics based on caste identity is not beneficial for the success of democracy. It may lead to tensions, conflict and even violence. It may divert attention from more important issues like poverty and development that may be more harmful for the country.
Politics influences the caste system and caste identities in the following ways: (i) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it. (ii) In the age of coalition politics, various caste groups enter into a coalRead more
Politics influences the caste system and caste identities in the following ways:
(i) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
(ii) In the age of coalition politics, various caste groups enter into a coalition with other castes or communities. They enter into a dialogue and negotiate in order to win the election. For example, in May 2002, BSP in UP entered into an agreement with BJP and formed a coalition government there.
(iii) ‘Backward’ and ‘forward’ caste groups : Now new caste groups known as ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ caste groups have emerged in political field.
Thus, caste plays different roles in politics.
It is correct that caste alone cannot determine election results in India due to the following reasons : (i) There is no majority of any caste in a parliamentary constituency. Thus, every candidate has to win over votes of different castes to be successful in the elections. (ii) No party or candidatRead more
It is correct that caste alone cannot determine election results in India due to the following reasons :
(i) There is no majority of any caste in a parliamentary constituency. Thus, every candidate has to win over votes of different castes to be successful in the elections.
(ii) No party or candidate wins all the votes of a caste group because generally there are more than one candidate from the same caste. Caste based ‘vote bank’ implies that a particular party or candidate can secure maximum votes only.
(iii) Sometimes there are more than one candidate from the same caste. Thus, voters of the same caste get divided and vote for different candidates.
(iv) Castes and communities change their preferences. They do not stick to their own candidates. This has been proved by the defeat of the sitting MP or MLA in our country. Thus, it is clear that caste alone cannot determine election results in India. While caste plays an important role but other factors such as strong attachment to political parties, different interests of rich and poor in the same caste, performance of a sitting MLA or MP are often decisive factors in the election.
Caste is the sole basis of social community It can take various forms in politics as given below: (i) Selection of candidates: At the time of election, political parties select their candidates on the basis of caste of the voters in a constituency so that they may muster necessary support to win eleRead more
Caste is the sole basis of social community It can take various forms in politics as given below:
(i) Selection of candidates: At the time of election, political parties select their candidates on the basis of caste of the voters in a constituency so that they may muster necessary support to win elections.
(ii) Formation of governments: At the time of formation of government or council of Ministers, effort is made to have representatives from all castes and communities.
(iii)Appeal to voters: During election campaign appeals are made to voters to cast heir votes in favour of the candidate of their own caste’
(iv) To bring consciousness among the lower castes: Due to one-person-one-vote, political parties try to mobilise and Secure maximum support from the lower castes. These castes have now realised their importance and have become very about their votes and rights.
(v) Formation of political parties: The political parties such as DMK have been formed on the basis of caste.
It is correct to state that caste system has not disappeared completely as enumerated below: (i) Lower caste people are still not at par with upper caste people in the sphere of education and prosperity. The lower castes still lag behind in the field of education' That is why there is disproportionaRead more
It is correct to state that caste system has not disappeared completely as enumerated below:
(i) Lower caste people are still not at par with upper caste people in the sphere of education and prosperity. The lower castes still lag behind in the field of education’ That is why there is disproportionately large presence of ‘upper caste’ among the urban middle classes in our country.
(ii) caste still continues to be closely linked to economic status’ The average economic status of caste groups still follows the old hierarchy. i.e., the upper castes are best off, the Dalits and the Adivasi are worst off, with the backward classes once again in between’
(iii) In election too the caste plays a major role. The candidates are selected on the basis of caste in a constituency to attract voters of his caste.
Three reasons for breaking down of caste hierarchy are as mentioned below : (i) Urbanisation : In urban areas, people do not bother who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant. There is a shift of population from rural to urban areas. (ii) Economic developRead more
Three reasons for breaking down of caste hierarchy are as mentioned below :
(i) Urbanisation : In urban areas, people do not bother who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant. There is a shift of population from rural to urban areas.
(ii) Economic development: As a result of economic development, the economic condition of lower castes has improved. They live in the areas where people of upper castes are living in the cities.
(iii) occupational mobility : There is a shift from one occupation to another’ usually when a new generation takes up occupations other than those practiced by their ancestors’ This has helped in breaking the caste hierarchy.
(iv) Constitional provisions : The constitution of India too prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste. so we find people of different castes working together in offices.
The main features of caste system in India are as mentioned below : (i) Caste division is special to India. It is different from other societies because here hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals. (ii) Members of same caste group used to form a social community that practiced thRead more
The main features of caste system in India are as mentioned below :
(i) Caste division is special to India. It is different from other societies because here hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals.
(ii) Members of same caste group used to form a social community that practiced the same or similar occupation.
(iii) The members of a community used to marry within the caste group and did not eat with members from other caste groups.
(iv) People of lower caste were subjected to inhuman and discriminatory treatment.
Sometime a caste of a person, becomes a curse for life for none of his fault. Thus caste system was based on exclusion of and discrimination against the ‘outcaste groups,. They were called untouchables’ That is why political leaders and social reformers like Jotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R’ Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami Naicker advocated and worked to establish a society in which caste inequalities are absent
Write a short note on the pastoral community of Dhangars of Maharashtra.
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly shepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thornyRead more
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly
See lessshepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thorny scrubs. Only bajra could be sown here but in the monsoon the area became a vast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. By October they shifted to Konkan because that was a flourishing agricultural tract high rainfall and rich soil. The Konkan peasants gave them supplies of rice. Dhangar flocks manured the fields and fed on the
stubble. With the onset of the monsoon, the Dhangars left the Konkan and the coastal areas with their flocks and returned to their settlements on the dry plateau because the sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
Why the pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for pastoral communities of the Himalayas?
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move theirRead more
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move their herds and flocks to new areas. This continuous movement also allows the pasture to recover. It prevents their overuse too.
See lessWhen do the pastoralists in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh move from one place to another place?
They move annually between their summer and winter grazing grounds. In winter, when the high mountains are covered with snow, they live with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The dry scrub forests provide pastures for their herds. By the end of April they begin their northern marchRead more
They move annually between their summer and winter grazing grounds. In winter,
See lesswhen the high mountains are covered with snow, they live with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The dry scrub forests provide pastures for their herds. By the end of April they begin their northern march for their summer grazing grounds. They move in a Kafila. With the onset of summer, the snow melted and the mountainsides were lush green. The variety of grasses provided rich nutritious forage for the animal herds. By end September they move again on their downward journey, back to their winter base. When the high mountains are covered with snow, the herds are grazed in the low hills.
Describe the role of caste-politics in India.
(i) The caste-politics in India has helped Dalits and OBCs to gain better access to decision making. (ii) Several political and non-political organisations have come forward in support of particular castes. They have demanded to end discrimination against them. Their demands include more dignity forRead more
(i) The caste-politics in India has helped Dalits and OBCs to gain better access to decision making.
See less(ii) Several political and non-political organisations have come forward in support of particular castes. They have demanded to end discrimination against them. Their demands include more dignity for them, more access to land, resources and opportunities. But it may be mentioned here that politics based on caste identity is not beneficial for the success of democracy. It may lead to tensions, conflict and even violence. It may divert attention from more important issues like poverty and development that may be more harmful for the country.
Describe the ways.in which politics influence the caste system and caste identities.
Politics influences the caste system and caste identities in the following ways: (i) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it. (ii) In the age of coalition politics, various caste groups enter into a coalRead more
Politics influences the caste system and caste identities in the following ways:
See less(i) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
(ii) In the age of coalition politics, various caste groups enter into a coalition with other castes or communities. They enter into a dialogue and negotiate in order to win the election. For example, in May 2002, BSP in UP entered into an agreement with BJP and formed a coalition government there.
(iii) ‘Backward’ and ‘forward’ caste groups : Now new caste groups known as ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ caste groups have emerged in political field.
Thus, caste plays different roles in politics.
Is it correct that caste alone cannot determine election results in India ? Give reasons.
It is correct that caste alone cannot determine election results in India due to the following reasons : (i) There is no majority of any caste in a parliamentary constituency. Thus, every candidate has to win over votes of different castes to be successful in the elections. (ii) No party or candidatRead more
It is correct that caste alone cannot determine election results in India due to the following reasons :
See less(i) There is no majority of any caste in a parliamentary constituency. Thus, every candidate has to win over votes of different castes to be successful in the elections.
(ii) No party or candidate wins all the votes of a caste group because generally there are more than one candidate from the same caste. Caste based ‘vote bank’ implies that a particular party or candidate can secure maximum votes only.
(iii) Sometimes there are more than one candidate from the same caste. Thus, voters of the same caste get divided and vote for different candidates.
(iv) Castes and communities change their preferences. They do not stick to their own candidates. This has been proved by the defeat of the sitting MP or MLA in our country. Thus, it is clear that caste alone cannot determine election results in India. While caste plays an important role but other factors such as strong attachment to political parties, different interests of rich and poor in the same caste, performance of a sitting MLA or MP are often decisive factors in the election.
Describe three forms of caste politics in India.
Caste is the sole basis of social community It can take various forms in politics as given below: (i) Selection of candidates: At the time of election, political parties select their candidates on the basis of caste of the voters in a constituency so that they may muster necessary support to win eleRead more
Caste is the sole basis of social community It can take various forms in politics as given below:
See less(i) Selection of candidates: At the time of election, political parties select their candidates on the basis of caste of the voters in a constituency so that they may muster necessary support to win elections.
(ii) Formation of governments: At the time of formation of government or council of Ministers, effort is made to have representatives from all castes and communities.
(iii)Appeal to voters: During election campaign appeals are made to voters to cast heir votes in favour of the candidate of their own caste’
(iv) To bring consciousness among the lower castes: Due to one-person-one-vote, political parties try to mobilise and Secure maximum support from the lower castes. These castes have now realised their importance and have become very about their votes and rights.
(v) Formation of political parties: The political parties such as DMK have been formed on the basis of caste.
“Caste has not disappeared from contemporary India.” Cite any three examples to justify the statement’
It is correct to state that caste system has not disappeared completely as enumerated below: (i) Lower caste people are still not at par with upper caste people in the sphere of education and prosperity. The lower castes still lag behind in the field of education' That is why there is disproportionaRead more
It is correct to state that caste system has not disappeared completely as enumerated below:
See less(i) Lower caste people are still not at par with upper caste people in the sphere of education and prosperity. The lower castes still lag behind in the field of education’ That is why there is disproportionately large presence of ‘upper caste’ among the urban middle classes in our country.
(ii) caste still continues to be closely linked to economic status’ The average economic status of caste groups still follows the old hierarchy. i.e., the upper castes are best off, the Dalits and the Adivasi are worst off, with the backward classes once again in between’
(iii) In election too the caste plays a major role. The candidates are selected on the basis of caste in a constituency to attract voters of his caste.
Explain three reasons why caste hierarchy is breaking down in India.
Three reasons for breaking down of caste hierarchy are as mentioned below : (i) Urbanisation : In urban areas, people do not bother who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant. There is a shift of population from rural to urban areas. (ii) Economic developRead more
Three reasons for breaking down of caste hierarchy are as mentioned below :
See less(i) Urbanisation : In urban areas, people do not bother who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant. There is a shift of population from rural to urban areas.
(ii) Economic development: As a result of economic development, the economic condition of lower castes has improved. They live in the areas where people of upper castes are living in the cities.
(iii) occupational mobility : There is a shift from one occupation to another’ usually when a new generation takes up occupations other than those practiced by their ancestors’ This has helped in breaking the caste hierarchy.
(iv) Constitional provisions : The constitution of India too prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste. so we find people of different castes working together in offices.
Describe main features of caste system in India.
The main features of caste system in India are as mentioned below : (i) Caste division is special to India. It is different from other societies because here hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals. (ii) Members of same caste group used to form a social community that practiced thRead more
The main features of caste system in India are as mentioned below :
See less(i) Caste division is special to India. It is different from other societies because here hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals.
(ii) Members of same caste group used to form a social community that practiced the same or similar occupation.
(iii) The members of a community used to marry within the caste group and did not eat with members from other caste groups.
(iv) People of lower caste were subjected to inhuman and discriminatory treatment.
Sometime a caste of a person, becomes a curse for life for none of his fault. Thus caste system was based on exclusion of and discrimination against the ‘outcaste groups,. They were called untouchables’ That is why political leaders and social reformers like Jotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R’ Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami Naicker advocated and worked to establish a society in which caste inequalities are absent