Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways: (l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages. (ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practRead more
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways:
(l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages.
(ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practice it still exists in different parts of the country, particularly in rural areas.
(iii) In the field of education too, lower caste people still lag behind. Government has provided them Various kinds of facilities but ‘upper castes’ are far ahead in education than the ‘lower castes’.
(iv) Lower caste people like rural landless labourers, are generally poor and are exploited. As a result of above, there is a disproportionately large presence of ‘Upper Caste’ among the urban middle classes. Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways: (l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages. (ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practRead more
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways:
(l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages.
(ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practice it still exists in different parts of the country, particularly in rural areas.
(iii) In the field of education too, lower caste people still lag behind. Government has provided them Various kinds of facilities but ‘upper castes’ are far ahead in education than the ‘lower castes’.
(iv) Lower caste people like rural landless labourers, are generally poor and are exploited. As a result of above, there is a disproportionately large presence of ‘Upper Caste’ among the urban middle classes. Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways: (i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes. (ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legRead more
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways:
(i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes.
(ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legislatures’ For example, reservation of seats in the institutions of higher education in India is a step in this direction to win over disadvantaged sections of society.
(iii) During elections, people vote on the basis of social division. They vote for the candidate of their own community in the hope that he will look after their interest in a better way than the candidate belonging to other community’
(iv) Political parties are formed on the basis of social divisions e.g., DMK, AIADMK, BSP in India.
The power is shared by three organs of government i.e., legislature, judiciary' executive and Generally, legislature enacts laws, executive executes the laws, makes policies and takes decisions. Judiciary interprets the law and protects the rights of the people. None of the organs has unlimited poweRead more
The power is shared by three organs of government i.e., legislature, judiciary’ executive and Generally, legislature enacts laws, executive executes the laws, makes policies and takes decisions. Judiciary interprets the law and protects the rights of the people. None of the organs has unlimited power. Their powers are mentioned in the constitution. Not only this, different organs keep a check on each other and maintain balance of power. For example in India, Executive 1.e., Councils of Ministers is responsible to Lok Sabha. The Council of Ministers must enjoy the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha. If they loose confidence of the Lok-Sabha, they have to resign. Thus, power is shared among different organs of the government.
(i) India is the largest producer of oil-seeds in the world. (ii) About 12 per-cent of the total net sown area is used for producing oil-seeds. (iii) Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower. (iv) MosRead more
(i) India is the largest producer of oil-seeds in the world.
(ii) About 12 per-cent of the total net sown area is used for producing oil-seeds.
(iii) Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower.
(iv) Most of the oil-seeds are edible and used as cooking mediums.
(v) Some are used as raw material in the production of soap, cosmetics and ointments.
(vi) Groundnut is a Kharif crop and accounts for about half of the production of oil-seeds in India.
(vii) Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of groundnut followed by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
The main causes of scarcity of water are mentioned below : (i) Increase in population: The water scarcity is an outcome of large and growing population that needs more water for domestic use as well as to produce more food- This leads to over-exploitation to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agrRead more
The main causes of scarcity of water are mentioned below :
(i) Increase in population: The water scarcity is an outcome of large and growing population that needs more water for domestic use as well as to produce more food- This leads to over-exploitation to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture. More tubewells for irrigation leads to falling ground water levels adversely affecting water availability.
(ii) Intensive industrialisation : In post independent India, there has been intensive industrialisation. More industries means need for more water and more power to run them.
Thus to meet the requirement, energy is produced from hydroelectric power. Thus industrialisation has led to more consumption of water.
(iii) Urbanisation: Urban centres with large and dense populations and urban life-styles have added to water and energy requirements. People have their own ground water pumping devices to meet their water needs. This leads to over exploitation and depletion in the cities.
(iv) Bad quality of water too leads to scarcity of water. There may be sufficient water in an area but it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and other pollutants.
(v) Unequal access to water among different social groups: Some time, the poor people in Jhuggi-Jhopri colonies may not get water for their use. The well-to-do people in their colonies may get water. This policy of discrimination of unequal access to water leads to scarcity of water for poor people, particularly in metropolitan cities.
Human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna in many ways as given below: (i) During the colonial period expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities were responsible for depletion of forests. Even after independence between 1951Read more
Human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna in many ways as given below:
(i) During the colonial period expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities were responsible for depletion of forests. Even after independence between 1951 and 1980,26,200 sq km of forest area was converted into agricultural land.
(ii) Large-scale development projects such as Narmada Sagar project in Madhya Pradesh are responsible for the depletion of forests. Since 1951, over 5000 sq km area of forest was cleared for river valley projects.
(iii) Mining is another factor for depletion of forests. The dolomite mining in West Bengal has threatened the Buxa Tiger Reserve. It has disturbed the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration route of several others, including the great Indian elephant.
(iv) Over utilisation of vegetation and wildlife has also depleted the forests.
(i) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way. (ii) It is necessary because irrational consumption and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. Over-exploitation may cause damage to existing envirRead more
(i) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way.
(ii) It is necessary because irrational consumption and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. Over-exploitation may cause damage to existing environment. Proper utilisation of resources may sustain the environment.
(iii) Gandhi ji said, ‘There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed’. He stated that the root cause for resource depletion at the global level was the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology. He was against mass production and was in favour of the production try the masses.
Gandhiji said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association because during the First World War under the Defence of India Rules, 22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government orders. SimilaRead more
Gandhiji said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association because during the First World War under the Defence of India Rules, 22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government orders. Similarly during the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement, the Government of India was trying to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion. So, Gandhi stated that the fight for Swaraj and for Khilafat was a fight for this threatened freedom of the Indians.
(a) Industrial production in India increased during the First World War because the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. As a result of this, Manchester imports i.e., goods produced in Manchester, into India declined. The demand in the home market could not be mRead more
(a) Industrial production in India increased during the First World War because the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. As a result of this, Manchester imports i.e., goods produced in Manchester, into India declined. The demand in the home market could not be met by British imports. Thus, the Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs i.e., jute bags, cloth for army uniforms. Tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and other items. New factories were set up. Multiple shifts were run in the factories. A large number of new workers were employed and they were asked to work for extra-hours. All this led to increase in industrial production during the First World War.
(b) Effects: (l) In Britain cotton production collapsed and export of cotton cloth fell dramatically.
(II) As Britain was unable to modernise and compete with the US, Germany and Japan British economy crumbled.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways: (l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages. (ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practRead more
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways:
See less(l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages.
(ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practice it still exists in different parts of the country, particularly in rural areas.
(iii) In the field of education too, lower caste people still lag behind. Government has provided them Various kinds of facilities but ‘upper castes’ are far ahead in education than the ‘lower castes’.
(iv) Lower caste people like rural landless labourers, are generally poor and are exploited. As a result of above, there is a disproportionately large presence of ‘Upper Caste’ among the urban middle classes. Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways: (l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages. (ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practRead more
Caste inequalities are still continuing in India in the following ways:
See less(l) Most people still marry within their own caste or tribe. The upper caste people or sometimes other caste people too do not allow inter-caste marriages.
(ii) Untouchability has been prohibited by the Constitution but in practice it still exists in different parts of the country, particularly in rural areas.
(iii) In the field of education too, lower caste people still lag behind. Government has provided them Various kinds of facilities but ‘upper castes’ are far ahead in education than the ‘lower castes’.
(iv) Lower caste people like rural landless labourers, are generally poor and are exploited. As a result of above, there is a disproportionately large presence of ‘Upper Caste’ among the urban middle classes. Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
Describe the ways in which social divisions are reflected in politics of a country.
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways: (i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes. (ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legRead more
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways:
See less(i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes.
(ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legislatures’ For example, reservation of seats in the institutions of higher education in India is a step in this direction to win over disadvantaged sections of society.
(iii) During elections, people vote on the basis of social division. They vote for the candidate of their own community in the hope that he will look after their interest in a better way than the candidate belonging to other community’
(iv) Political parties are formed on the basis of social divisions e.g., DMK, AIADMK, BSP in India.
Explain power sharing among different organs of government.
The power is shared by three organs of government i.e., legislature, judiciary' executive and Generally, legislature enacts laws, executive executes the laws, makes policies and takes decisions. Judiciary interprets the law and protects the rights of the people. None of the organs has unlimited poweRead more
The power is shared by three organs of government i.e., legislature, judiciary’ executive and Generally, legislature enacts laws, executive executes the laws, makes policies and takes decisions. Judiciary interprets the law and protects the rights of the people. None of the organs has unlimited power. Their powers are mentioned in the constitution. Not only this, different organs keep a check on each other and maintain balance of power. For example in India, Executive 1.e., Councils of Ministers is responsible to Lok Sabha. The Council of Ministers must enjoy the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha. If they loose confidence of the Lok-Sabha, they have to resign. Thus, power is shared among different organs of the government.
See lessDescribe the production of oil-seeds in India.
(i) India is the largest producer of oil-seeds in the world. (ii) About 12 per-cent of the total net sown area is used for producing oil-seeds. (iii) Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower. (iv) MosRead more
(i) India is the largest producer of oil-seeds in the world.
See less(ii) About 12 per-cent of the total net sown area is used for producing oil-seeds.
(iii) Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower.
(iv) Most of the oil-seeds are edible and used as cooking mediums.
(v) Some are used as raw material in the production of soap, cosmetics and ointments.
(vi) Groundnut is a Kharif crop and accounts for about half of the production of oil-seeds in India.
(vii) Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of groundnut followed by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
Explain main causes of scarcity of water?
The main causes of scarcity of water are mentioned below : (i) Increase in population: The water scarcity is an outcome of large and growing population that needs more water for domestic use as well as to produce more food- This leads to over-exploitation to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agrRead more
The main causes of scarcity of water are mentioned below :
See less(i) Increase in population: The water scarcity is an outcome of large and growing population that needs more water for domestic use as well as to produce more food- This leads to over-exploitation to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture. More tubewells for irrigation leads to falling ground water levels adversely affecting water availability.
(ii) Intensive industrialisation : In post independent India, there has been intensive industrialisation. More industries means need for more water and more power to run them.
Thus to meet the requirement, energy is produced from hydroelectric power. Thus industrialisation has led to more consumption of water.
(iii) Urbanisation: Urban centres with large and dense populations and urban life-styles have added to water and energy requirements. People have their own ground water pumping devices to meet their water needs. This leads to over exploitation and depletion in the cities.
(iv) Bad quality of water too leads to scarcity of water. There may be sufficient water in an area but it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and other pollutants.
(v) Unequal access to water among different social groups: Some time, the poor people in Jhuggi-Jhopri colonies may not get water for their use. The well-to-do people in their colonies may get water. This policy of discrimination of unequal access to water leads to scarcity of water for poor people, particularly in metropolitan cities.
How have human activities affected the depletion of, flora and fauna? Explain three points.
Human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna in many ways as given below: (i) During the colonial period expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities were responsible for depletion of forests. Even after independence between 1951Read more
Human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna in many ways as given below:
See less(i) During the colonial period expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities were responsible for depletion of forests. Even after independence between 1951 and 1980,26,200 sq km of forest area was converted into agricultural land.
(ii) Large-scale development projects such as Narmada Sagar project in Madhya Pradesh are responsible for the depletion of forests. Since 1951, over 5000 sq km area of forest was cleared for river valley projects.
(iii) Mining is another factor for depletion of forests. The dolomite mining in West Bengal has threatened the Buxa Tiger Reserve. It has disturbed the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration route of several others, including the great Indian elephant.
(iv) Over utilisation of vegetation and wildlife has also depleted the forests.
What is conservation? Why is conservation of resources necessary? What are the views of Gandhi ji about resource conservation?
(i) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way. (ii) It is necessary because irrational consumption and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. Over-exploitation may cause damage to existing envirRead more
(i) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way.
See less(ii) It is necessary because irrational consumption and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. Over-exploitation may cause damage to existing environment. Proper utilisation of resources may sustain the environment.
(iii) Gandhi ji said, ‘There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed’. He stated that the root cause for resource depletion at the global level was the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology. He was against mass production and was in favour of the production try the masses.
Explain why Gandhi said the fight for swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of press and freedom of association?
Gandhiji said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association because during the First World War under the Defence of India Rules, 22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government orders. SimilaRead more
Gandhiji said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association because during the First World War under the Defence of India Rules, 22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government orders. Similarly during the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement, the Government of India was trying to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion. So, Gandhi stated that the fight for Swaraj and for Khilafat was a fight for this threatened freedom of the Indians.
See lessExplain the impact of First World War on Indian Industries.
(a) Industrial production in India increased during the First World War because the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. As a result of this, Manchester imports i.e., goods produced in Manchester, into India declined. The demand in the home market could not be mRead more
(a) Industrial production in India increased during the First World War because the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. As a result of this, Manchester imports i.e., goods produced in Manchester, into India declined. The demand in the home market could not be met by British imports. Thus, the Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs i.e., jute bags, cloth for army uniforms. Tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and other items. New factories were set up. Multiple shifts were run in the factories. A large number of new workers were employed and they were asked to work for extra-hours. All this led to increase in industrial production during the First World War.
See less(b) Effects: (l) In Britain cotton production collapsed and export of cotton cloth fell dramatically.
(II) As Britain was unable to modernise and compete with the US, Germany and Japan British economy crumbled.