Unwilling cultivators were made to produce opium through a system of advances. The poor peasants were given advances by their village headmen mahato to produce opium. Actually, they were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By tRead more
Unwilling cultivators were made to produce opium through a system of advances. The poor peasants were given advances by their village headmen mahato to produce opium. Actually, they were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loans, the cultivator was forced to grow opium on a specified area of land and handover the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested. He had no option of planting the field with a crop of his choice or of selling his produce to anyone but the government agent. And he had to accept the low price offered for the produce
(a) The effects of the policy of the government were as follows:
(i) As the prices given to the peasants were so low that the peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to take advances.
(ii) In regions around Benaras, cultivators began giving up opium cultivation. They
produced sugarcane and potatoes instead.
(iii) Many cultivators sold off their crop to travelling traders (pykars) who offered higher
prices.
(i) Tea trade and profits: In the late eighteenth century, the English East India Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. with the passage of time tea became a popular drink in England. This resulted in increase of import of tea from 15 million pounds of tea in 1785 to 30 milRead more
(i) Tea trade and profits: In the late eighteenth century, the English East India
Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. with the passage of time tea became a popular drink in England. This resulted in increase of import of tea from 15 million pounds of tea in 1785 to 30 million pounds in 1830. The profits of the company increased accordingly.
(ii) Policy of Chinese rulers and problem of payments : England was then producing
nothing that could he sold to China. At the same time Chinese rulers were suspicious of foreign merchants. They were afraid that the foreign merchants. would interfere in local politics and, therefore, did not allow the entry of foreign goods.
(ii) Opium trade: To maintain the balance of trade, the Britishers thought of trade in opium with China. The Portuguese had introduced opium into China in the sixteenth century. It was used for medicinal purposes. The Chinese were aware of the dangers of opium addiction and the Emperor had forbidden its production and sale. However, the western merchants began smuggling of opium into China. The smuggling increased from 10,000 crates in 1820s to over 35,000 crates in 1855. Thus, opium was taken from India to China and tea from China to England. England exported manufactured goods to India which exported raw materials to England. In this was the triangular trade between India, China and England was established.
On the night of 28 August, 1830, a threshing machine of a farmer was destroyed by labourers in East Kent in England. In the subsequent two years about 387 threshing machines were broken.
On the night of 28 August, 1830, a threshing machine of a farmer was destroyed by
labourers in East Kent in England. In the subsequent two years about 387 threshing machines were broken.
How were unwilling cultivators made to produce opium in India? What were the effects of the policy of the govt.?
Unwilling cultivators were made to produce opium through a system of advances. The poor peasants were given advances by their village headmen mahato to produce opium. Actually, they were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By tRead more
Unwilling cultivators were made to produce opium through a system of advances. The poor peasants were given advances by their village headmen mahato to produce opium. Actually, they were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loans, the cultivator was forced to grow opium on a specified area of land and handover the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested. He had no option of planting the field with a crop of his choice or of selling his produce to anyone but the government agent. And he had to accept the low price offered for the produce
See less(a) The effects of the policy of the government were as follows:
(i) As the prices given to the peasants were so low that the peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to take advances.
(ii) In regions around Benaras, cultivators began giving up opium cultivation. They
produced sugarcane and potatoes instead.
(iii) Many cultivators sold off their crop to travelling traders (pykars) who offered higher
prices.
Describe the factors leading to the triangular trade between India, China and England during the colonial period.
(i) Tea trade and profits: In the late eighteenth century, the English East India Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. with the passage of time tea became a popular drink in England. This resulted in increase of import of tea from 15 million pounds of tea in 1785 to 30 milRead more
(i) Tea trade and profits: In the late eighteenth century, the English East India
See lessCompany was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. with the passage of time tea became a popular drink in England. This resulted in increase of import of tea from 15 million pounds of tea in 1785 to 30 million pounds in 1830. The profits of the company increased accordingly.
(ii) Policy of Chinese rulers and problem of payments : England was then producing
nothing that could he sold to China. At the same time Chinese rulers were suspicious of foreign merchants. They were afraid that the foreign merchants. would interfere in local politics and, therefore, did not allow the entry of foreign goods.
(ii) Opium trade: To maintain the balance of trade, the Britishers thought of trade in opium with China. The Portuguese had introduced opium into China in the sixteenth century. It was used for medicinal purposes. The Chinese were aware of the dangers of opium addiction and the Emperor had forbidden its production and sale. However, the western merchants began smuggling of opium into China. The smuggling increased from 10,000 crates in 1820s to over 35,000 crates in 1855. Thus, opium was taken from India to China and tea from China to England. England exported manufactured goods to India which exported raw materials to England. In this was the triangular trade between India, China and England was established.
What happened on the night of 28 August, 1830?
On the night of 28 August, 1830, a threshing machine of a farmer was destroyed by labourers in East Kent in England. In the subsequent two years about 387 threshing machines were broken.
On the night of 28 August, 1830, a threshing machine of a farmer was destroyed by
See lesslabourers in East Kent in England. In the subsequent two years about 387 threshing machines were broken.