Rutherford expected the alpha (α)-particles to be deflected by the sub-atomic particles within the gold atoms as they passed through the foil.
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Alpha (α)-particles are doubly-charged helium ions consisting of two protons and two neutrons, with a mass of 4 atomic mass units (u).
Rutherford selected gold foil because he wanted the thinnest possible layer to increase the likelihood of interactions between the alpha particles and the atoms in the foil.
Rutherford designed an experiment where fast-moving alpha (α)-particles were directed at a thin gold foil.
Thomson’s analogies aimed to provide a visual and conceptual understanding of the atom’s structure, making it more accessible and relatable to everyday objects.
Thomson visualized electrons as currants in a Christmas pudding or seeds in a watermelon, studded within the positively charged sphere of the atom.
Thomson compared the distribution of positive charge in the atom to the red edible part of a watermelon, spread throughout the sphere.
The discovery of electrons and protons inside the atom led to the failure of Dalton’s idea of atomic indivisibility.
Dalton’s idea was challenged by the discovery of electrons and protons inside the atom.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair Of Linear Equation In Two Variables NCERT Books for Session 2024-2025 CBSE Board EXERCISE 3.2 Page No:34 Questions No:3 (vi)