Share & grow the world's knowledge!
We want to connect the people who have knowledge to the people who need it, to bring together people with different perspectives so they can understand each other better, and to empower everyone to share their knowledge.
Where did Muhammad bin Tughlaq die? (A) Daulatabad (B) Lahore (C) Thatta (D) Delhi
After a reign of ambitious but often disastrously implemented policies, Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in Thatta (in Sindh) in 1351 while campaigning or displaced during late-period conflicts. Contemporary accounts describe him travelling and campaigning in the western/southern reaches of his realm nearRead more
After a reign of ambitious but often disastrously implemented policies, Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in Thatta (in Sindh) in 1351 while campaigning or displaced during late-period conflicts. Contemporary accounts describe him travelling and campaigning in the western/southern reaches of his realm near the end of his life; his death away from Delhi emphasises the chaos of his final years and the fragmentation that followed, eventually paving the way for Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s succession.
See lessWhich Sultan gave state patronage to Jain scholars like Rajasekhara and Jinaprabha Suri?
Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1325–1351) gave significant patronage to Jain scholars, demonstrating his remarkable intellectual tolerance. He invited and honored the renowned monk Jinaprabha Suri at his court in Delhi, where he was impressed by Suri's knowledge and eloquence. In return, the SultanRead more
Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1325–1351) gave significant patronage to Jain scholars, demonstrating his remarkable intellectual tolerance. He invited and honored the renowned monk Jinaprabha Suri at his court in Delhi, where he was impressed by Suri’s knowledge and eloquence. In return, the Sultan granted the Jain community tax concessions and official firmans (orders) protecting their pilgrimage sites and temples, making him a unique benefactor of non-Islamic faiths among the Delhi Sultans.
See lessWhich Sultanate source gives the most detailed account of the administrative failures of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is considered the most authoritative contemporary source describing Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign. Barani lived during that period and observed many of the Sultan’s experiments. He criticized Tughlaq for excessive idealism, poor planning and impractical reformsRead more
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is considered the most authoritative contemporary source describing Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign. Barani lived during that period and observed many of the Sultan’s experiments. He criticized Tughlaq for excessive idealism, poor planning and impractical reforms such as the introduction of token currency, shifting the capital and enforcing harsh revenue assessments. His writing provides detailed descriptions of administrative chaos, rebellions and economic decline. Although Barani had personal biases, his chronicle remains the primary historical reference for understanding the complex and controversial rule of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
See lessWhich Sultan reversed Alauddin Khalji’s agrarian reforms and restored land to hereditary owners (Khuts, Muqaddams)?
Alauddin Khalji had confiscated lands from hereditary village leaders such as khuts and muqaddams to weaken their economic influence. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed this policy. He returned lands and privileges to these groups, arguing that mild governance, not strict control, promotes loyalty and betRead more
Alauddin Khalji had confiscated lands from hereditary village leaders such as khuts and muqaddams to weaken their economic influence. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed this policy. He returned lands and privileges to these groups, arguing that mild governance, not strict control, promotes loyalty and better tax compliance. His approach was conciliatory, aiming to gain the cooperation of rural elites. While this improved relations and eased tensions in the countryside, it also weakened the centralized authority that Alauddin had built. Ghiyasuddin’s policies reflect a shift from harsh centralization to a more balanced and pragmatic rural administration.
See lessThe establishment of the Diwan-e-Mustakhraj by the Tughlaqs was primarily meant to—
The Tughlaq administration faced severe financial strain due to inefficient revenue collection and large arrears. To address this crisis, Diwan-e-Mustakhraj was created as a specialized department responsible for recovering overdue revenue from villages, zamindars and corrupt officials. It investigaRead more
The Tughlaq administration faced severe financial strain due to inefficient revenue collection and large arrears. To address this crisis, Diwan-e-Mustakhraj was created as a specialized department responsible for recovering overdue revenue from villages, zamindars and corrupt officials. It investigated fraudulent assessments, forced recovery where needed and monitored local officers. This department strengthened the fiscal structure during a time when the empire struggled with rebellion, mismanagement and administrative weakness. Recovering arrears reduced the financial burden on the central treasury and helped maintain state functions. It reflects the Sultanate’s attempt to implement systematic, corrective financial reforms during challenging times.
See less