Respiration rate and body temperature are key signs of animal health. High temperature indicates fever or infection, while rapid breathing may mean stress, heat or sickness. Similarly, in humans, fever or breathlessness shows health issues. Normal breathing and stable temperature mean both animals and humans are healthy. Farmers and doctors use these signs for early detection of diseases, preventing major problems. Thus, monitoring them is important for overall well-being.

Besides Schaeffle’s Formula, farmers use visual judgment by observing an animal’s build, muscle development and bone size. Some compare with known animals of similar size. Another common method is using a weight tape, which is wrapped around the animal’s chest, giving approximate weight. Though not as precise as machines, these methods are useful for deciding feeding amounts and monitoring growth, especially in areas without weighing facilities.

Silage making is a scientific process of preserving green fodder. Green crops like maize or sorghum are chopped, packed tightly in airtight silos or bags and left to ferment without oxygen. Beneficial microbes convert sugars into lactic acid, preserving nutrients. This silage stays fresh for months, providing animals with energy-rich food even during dry seasons. It reduces wastage, improves digestion and ensures steady livestock nutrition year-round.