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Which Sultan wrote his autobiography (Futuhat-e-Firozshahi)?
The small autobiographical compendium Futuhat-e-Firozshahi is attributed to Firoz Shah Tughlaq and documents his reforms, public works and policies in a self-representational form. While not as lengthy or literary as some chronicles, it offers direct insight into how Firoz Shah wished to be rememberRead more
The small autobiographical compendium Futuhat-e-Firozshahi is attributed to Firoz Shah Tughlaq and documents his reforms, public works and policies in a self-representational form. While not as lengthy or literary as some chronicles, it offers direct insight into how Firoz Shah wished to be remembered: as a builder, reformer and pious ruler. Historians consult this text (and contemporary chronicles that cover his reign) to reconstruct his administrative measures, patronage and the narrative he promoted about his rule.
See lessWho among the following abolished the system of paying salaries to the army in cash and ordered payment through ‘wazeh’ (right to collect land tax) or ‘itlaq’ (letter for money order)?
To manage state finances and administration, Firoz Shah Tughlaq implemented reforms altering how salaries and maintenance payments were handled. Instead of cash salaries, he often authorised officials and soldiers to collect revenues directly via wazeh (a right to collect land tax) or to obtain paymRead more
To manage state finances and administration, Firoz Shah Tughlaq implemented reforms altering how salaries and maintenance payments were handled. Instead of cash salaries, he often authorised officials and soldiers to collect revenues directly via wazeh (a right to collect land tax) or to obtain payments through itlaq (official payment orders). These mechanisms reduced administrative burdens on the central treasury, tied pay to land revenue flows and delegated collection responsibilities — a pragmatic approach to maintaining an army and bureaucracy within financial constraints.
See lessWhich Sultan imposed only four taxes instead of 24 burdensome taxes?
In contrast to the heavy and varied taxation systems of some predecessors, Firoz Shah Tughlaq sought to simplify and regularise the tax structure by emphasising a smaller number of principal taxes (often presented as the four recognised Islamic taxes: Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya, Khums) rather than the numRead more
In contrast to the heavy and varied taxation systems of some predecessors, Firoz Shah Tughlaq sought to simplify and regularise the tax structure by emphasising a smaller number of principal taxes (often presented as the four recognised Islamic taxes: Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya, Khums) rather than the numerous petty dues that had grown up. This policy aimed to reduce fiscal burden complexity, bring clarity to collection and align state revenue practice with more orthodox Islamic fiscal categories, part of his broader social and fiscal reforms to stabilise the realm.
See lessWhich Sultanate ruler was called ‘Hatimtai II’ by Minhaj?
Qutbuddin Aibak was affectionately called “Hatimtai II” by the historian Minhaj-us-Siraj, who admired the Sultan’s unmatched generosity. Hatimtai, a celebrated Arab personality, was famous for extreme charity and Aibak’s liberal donations to scholars, poets, poor subjects and religious institutionsRead more
Qutbuddin Aibak was affectionately called “Hatimtai II” by the historian Minhaj-us-Siraj, who admired the Sultan’s unmatched generosity. Hatimtai, a celebrated Arab personality, was famous for extreme charity and Aibak’s liberal donations to scholars, poets, poor subjects and religious institutions reminded Minhaj of this legendary figure. Aibak’s philanthropy enhanced his moral authority and popularity among people. Even after ascending the throne, he maintained his humble, benevolent nature. Minhaj’s comparison emphasizes how deeply Aibak’s kindness influenced contemporary society and contributed to the favorable historical image of the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty.
See lessWho built the Dhai Din Ka Jhonpra Mosque, Ajmer? (A) Firoz Tughlaq (B) Iltutmish (C) Balban (D) Qutbuddin Aibak
Qutbuddin Aibak, founder of the Slave Dynasty, built the Dhai Din Ka Jhonpra Mosque in Ajmer shortly after conquering the region from the Chauhans. The mosque was constructed using portions of earlier Hindu-Jain temples, resulting in a distinctive architectural fusion. Its name, meaning “shed of twoRead more
Qutbuddin Aibak, founder of the Slave Dynasty, built the Dhai Din Ka Jhonpra Mosque in Ajmer shortly after conquering the region from the Chauhans. The mosque was constructed using portions of earlier Hindu-Jain temples, resulting in a distinctive architectural fusion. Its name, meaning “shed of two-and-a-half days,” may refer to the rapid early construction phase, although later additions continued beyond that period. As one of India’s earliest surviving mosques, it reflects the transitional phase of Indo-Islamic architecture. Aibak’s construction of this mosque symbolized the establishment of Muslim rule in Rajasthan and showcased early Sultanate architectural experimentation.
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