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  1. During the Maratha period, the cavalry was organized into two main groups. The Paga (or Bargir) constituted the permanent state cavalry. These troopers received their horses, arms and maintenance directly from the state and were paid a regular salary. The Silahdar constituted the temporary cavalry.Read more

    During the Maratha period, the cavalry was organized into two main groups. The Paga (or Bargir) constituted the permanent state cavalry. These troopers received their horses, arms and maintenance directly from the state and were paid a regular salary. The Silahdar constituted the temporary cavalry. These soldiers owned their own horses and equipment and were typically attached to the army during campaigns, reflecting a more feudal or semi-feudal arrangement.

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  2. In the Maratha cavalry, the lowest commissioned officer, the Havaldar, was in command of a unit of 25 cavalrymen. This decimal organization was a hallmark of Shivaji’s military reforms. Above the Havaldar were the Jumledar (commanding five Havaldars), the Hazari (commanding ten Jumledars) and so on.Read more

    In the Maratha cavalry, the lowest commissioned officer, the Havaldar, was in command of a unit of 25 cavalrymen. This decimal organization was a hallmark of Shivaji’s military reforms. Above the Havaldar were the Jumledar (commanding five Havaldars), the Hazari (commanding ten Jumledars) and so on. . This standardized, structured hierarchy ensured excellent discipline and rapid maneuverability, contributing significantly to their military success.

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  3. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb was a skilled player of the Veena (or Vina), a classical Indian string instrument. This fact stands in sharp contrast to his public policy: Aurangzeb, adhering to orthodox Islamic views, abolished singing and instrumental music at the imperial court. He even ordered the buriRead more

    Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb was a skilled player of the Veena (or Vina), a classical Indian string instrument. This fact stands in sharp contrast to his public policy: Aurangzeb, adhering to orthodox Islamic views, abolished singing and instrumental music at the imperial court. He even ordered the burial of the musical instruments, stating that music should be buried deep. His personal proficiency with the Veena, however, demonstrates the persistence of cultural interests within the royal family.

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  4. The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah is the first Mughal building entirely constructed from white marble and the earliest to feature the intricate Pietra Dura inlay on a significant scale. Built by Empress Nur Jahan for her father (Mirza Ghiyas Beg) during the reign of Jahangir, it is sometimes referred to aRead more

    The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah is the first Mughal building entirely constructed from white marble and the earliest to feature the intricate Pietra Dura inlay on a significant scale. Built by Empress Nur Jahan for her father (Mirza Ghiyas Beg) during the reign of Jahangir, it is sometimes referred to as the “Jewel Box” or “Baby Taj.” Its construction and style foreshadowed the grand marble structures and sophisticated decorative techniques that would define Shah Jahan’s architecture.

     

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  5. The reign of Emperor Shah Jahan is universally known as the 'Age of Marble' or the golden age of Mughal architecture. This era saw the large-scale shift from the red sandstone construction favored by Akbar and Jahangir to the more refined white marble, often exquisitely decorated with Pietra Dura inRead more

    The reign of Emperor Shah Jahan is universally known as the ‘Age of Marble’ or the golden age of Mughal architecture. This era saw the large-scale shift from the red sandstone construction favored by Akbar and Jahangir to the more refined white marble, often exquisitely decorated with Pietra Dura inlay. His commitment to symmetrical design and expensive materials, culminating in the construction of the Taj Mahal, defined a period of unparalleled architectural elegance and sophistication.

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