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“The idea of Satyagraha represented both a moral and political challenge to the British rule.” Explain the statement with reference to Gandhi’s early movements in India.
Gandhi’s Satyagraha was both a moral and political challenge to British rule. Champaran (1917): Exposed indigo planters’ exploitation. Kheda (1918): Demanded tax remission during crop failure. Ahmedabad (1918): Fought for mill workers’ rights. Through peaceful protest and moral force, Satyagraha uniRead more
Gandhi’s Satyagraha was both a moral and political challenge to British rule.
- Champaran (1917): Exposed indigo planters’ exploitation.
- Kheda (1918): Demanded tax remission during crop failure.
- Ahmedabad (1918): Fought for mill workers’ rights.
See lessThrough peaceful protest and moral force, Satyagraha united Indians, questioned colonial injustice, and highlighted the power of truth and non-violence over oppression.
“The Quit India Movement was different from earlier mass movements in its intensity and scope.” Analyse the statement with suitable examples.
The Quit India Movement (1942) differed in both scale and intensity: Demanded complete independence, not reforms. Involved students, peasants, and workers nationwide. Saw strikes, hartals, and underground resistance. Despite arrests and repression, the movement shook British authority, showing IndiaRead more
The Quit India Movement (1942) differed in both scale and intensity:
Despite arrests and repression, the movement shook British authority, showing India’s united resolve to end colonial rule and gain total freedom.
See lessGutenberg’s invention of the printing press revolutionised book production in Europe. Examine the statement.
Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century revolutionized book production in Europe. Before printing: Books were copied by hand, expensive, and limited to elites. After printing: Books became cheaper, faster to produce, and widely available. Impact: Literacy increased, new iRead more
Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century revolutionized book production in Europe.
- Before printing: Books were copied by hand, expensive, and limited to elites.
- After printing: Books became cheaper, faster to produce, and widely available.
- Impact: Literacy increased, new ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation spread rapidly, and scholars could exchange knowledge easily.
- Social effect: A reading public emerged; people began questioning authority and exploring science, politics, and religion independently.
See lessThe printing press thus marked a turning point, transforming Europe’s intellectual landscape, promoting freedom of thought, and laying the foundation for modern education and communication.
The invention of the printing press had profound implication for religious life in early modern Europe.
The invention of the printing press brought major religious transformation in early modern Europe. Bible printing: Allowed ordinary people to read and interpret it themselves. Spread of Reformation: Martin Luther’s writings criticizing Church corruption circulated widely. Questioning authority: PeopRead more
The invention of the printing press brought major religious transformation in early modern Europe.
Overall, printing democratized religion, encouraged open debate, and initiated a spiritual awakening that permanently changed the structure and power of the Christian Church in Europe.
See lessRead the source given below and answer the questions that follow. “How were liberty and equality for women to be defined? The liberal politician Carl Welcker, an elected member of the Frankfurt Parliament, expressed the following views: ‘Nature has created men and women to carry out different functions … Man, the stronger, the bolder and freer of the two, has been designated as protector of the family, its provider, meant for public tasks in the domain of law, production, defence. Woman, the weaker, dependent and timid, requires the protection of man. Her sphere is the home, the care of the children, and the nurturing of the family. Do we require any further proof that given such differences, equality between the genders would only endanger harmony and destroy the dignity of the family?’ Louise Otto-Peters (1819-95) was a political activist who founded a women’s journal and subsequently a feminist political association. (i) According to an anonymous reader in 1850, what was considered unjust regarding women’s rights? (ii) What did Louise Otto-Peters argue about the concept of liberty in her editorial? (iii) What was the controversy within the liberal movement regarding women’s political rights during the 1848 revolutions?
(i) According to a reader from 1850, it was unfair that women had to obey the same laws and pay the same taxes as men, yet were not granted the right to vote or participate in political decisions. (ii) Louise Otto-Peters stated that true liberty cannot be divided. Those who enjoy freedom must also sRead more
(i) According to a reader from 1850, it was unfair that women had to obey the same laws and pay the same taxes as men, yet were not granted the right to vote or participate in political decisions.
(ii) Louise Otto-Peters stated that true liberty cannot be divided. Those who enjoy freedom must also support the freedom of others, including women, emphasizing that denying women equal rights contradicts the very idea of liberty.
(iii) During the 1848 revolutions, a major debate arose in the liberal movement over women’s political rights. Although women took an active part in the struggle, male liberals refused to give them voting rights, creating dissatisfaction among women reformers.
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