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Define coefficient of superficial expansion and give its units.
It is the fractional change in the surface area of a substance for a unit change in temperature, when heated or cooled at constant pressure. It is defined mathematically as: α = (1/A) * (dA/dT) where, - α is the coefficient of superficial expansion - A is the initial surface area - dA is the changeRead more
It is the fractional change in the surface area of a substance for a unit change in temperature, when heated or cooled at constant pressure. It is defined mathematically as:
α = (1/A) * (dA/dT)
where,
– α is the coefficient of superficial expansion
– A is the initial surface area
– dA is the change in surface area
– dT is the change in temperature.
The units of α are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
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Define coefficient of cubical expansion. Write an expression for it. Give its units.
The coefficient of cubical expansion (β) of a substance is the fractional change in its volume for a unit change in temperature, when the substance is heated or cooled at constant pressure. Mathematically, it is defined as: β = (1/V) * (dV/dT) where: - β is the coefficient of cubical expansion, - VRead more
The coefficient of cubical expansion (β) of a substance is the fractional change in its volume for a unit change in temperature, when the substance is heated or cooled at constant pressure.
Mathematically, it is defined as:
β = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
where:
– β is the coefficient of cubical expansion,
– V is the initial volume,
– dV is the change in volume,
– dT is the change in temperature.
The units of β are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
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Show that the coefficient of cubical expansion of an ideal gas at constant pressure is equal to the reciprocal of its absolute temperature.
We know that for an ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume is given by V = nRT where V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. Now, for a small change in temperature, the change in volume can be written as: dV = βV dT where βRead more
We know that for an ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume is given by
V = nRT
where V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.
Now, for a small change in temperature, the change in volume can be written as:
dV = βV dT
where β is the coefficient of cubical expansion and dT is the change in temperature.
From the equation of state, V = nRT, we have:
dV = nR dT
Comparing the two expressions for dV, we get:
βV = nR / V
Since V = nRT, we can substitute this into the above equation:
β = 1 / T
Therefore, the coefficient of cubical expansion β for an ideal gas at constant pressure is equal to the reciprocal of its absolute temperature.
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Describe the working principle of a platinum resistance thermometer.
The platinum resistance thermometer works on the principle that the electrical resistance of platinum is a changing function of temperature. The thermometer is a platinum wire whose resistance varies linearly with temperature. The resistance is measured using a Wheatstone bridge or other precise cirRead more
The platinum resistance thermometer works on the principle that the electrical resistance of platinum is a changing function of temperature.
The thermometer is a platinum wire whose resistance varies linearly with temperature. The resistance is measured using a Wheatstone bridge or other precise circuit. By calibrating the resistance at known temperatures, the thermometer can determine an unknown temperature. Platinum is used because of its stability, wide temperature range, and predictable resistance-temperature relationship.
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What is a liquid thermometer ? What are the advantages of using mercury as a thermometric substance over liquids?
A liquid thermometer is a type of thermometer that measures temperature through the expansion and contraction of a liquid in response to temperature changes. In general, the liquid is held within a sealed glass tube with a calibrated scale. Advantages of using mercury 1. It has a very high boiling pRead more
A liquid thermometer is a type of thermometer that measures temperature through the expansion and contraction of a liquid in response to temperature changes. In general, the liquid is held within a sealed glass tube with a calibrated scale.
Advantages of using mercury
1. It has a very high boiling point and a low freezing point; thus, it can measure a wide range of temperatures.
2. It does not wet the glass, hence ensuring accurate readings.
3. Mercury expands uniformly with temperature changes, so it is very accurate.
4. It is visible because of its shiny, metallic appearance.
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