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Explain the concept of heat.
Heat is a form of energy transferred from one body to another due to a temperature difference between them. It always flows from the body with higher temperature to the body with lower temperature. Heat causes a change in temperature, phase, or state of a substance. The amount of heat transferred deRead more
Heat is a form of energy transferred from one body to another due to a temperature difference between them. It always flows from the body with higher temperature to the body with lower temperature. Heat causes a change in temperature, phase, or state of a substance.
The amount of heat transferred depends on the mass of the substance, its specific heat capacity, or its ability to store heat, and the temperature change. Heat is measured in joules (J) in the SI system. Other units like calories are also used, where 1 calorie equals 4.18 joules.
Three main processes are through which heat transfer occurs: conduction – direct contact, convection – fluid movement, and radiation – energy transfer through electromagnetic waves. It is used in many natural phenomena and technological processes, including cooking, weather conditions, and heating industrial installations.
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A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by length l by applying a force F. The work done in stretching is
Work done in the stretching of a wire is described by the relation, W = (1/2) F * l Where, - Force applied is represented by F. - Elongation is depicted by l Thus, the work done will be Fl/2.
Work done in the stretching of a wire is described by the relation,
See lessW = (1/2) F * l
Where,
– Force applied is represented by F.
– Elongation is depicted by l
Thus, the work done will be Fl/2.
A wire elongates by l mm when a load W is hanged from it. If the wire goes over a pulley and two weights W each are hung at the two ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in mm)
When a load W is applied to a wire, it elongates by length l. However, when two weights W each are hung at the two ends of the wire over a pulley, the effective force applied on the wire is still 2W. This results in the wire elongating by 2l. Click here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutionsRead more
When a load W is applied to a wire, it elongates by length l. However, when two weights W each are hung at the two ends of the wire over a pulley, the effective force applied on the wire is still 2W. This results in the wire elongating by 2l.
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Derive the relation between α, β and γ.
The coefficients of linear expansion (α), superficial expansion (β), and cubical expansion (γ) are interrelated based on the effect of temperature change on the length, area, and volume of a material. 1. Linear Expansion (α): The change in length (ΔL) for a material due to temperature change is giveRead more
The coefficients of linear expansion (α), superficial expansion (β), and cubical expansion (γ) are interrelated based on the effect of temperature change on the length, area, and volume of a material.
1. Linear Expansion (α):
The change in length (ΔL) for a material due to temperature change is given by:
ΔL = α L ΔT
where α is the coefficient of linear expansion, L is the original length, and ΔT is the temperature change.
2. Superficial Expansion (β):
The change in area (ΔA) for a material due to temperature change is given by:
ΔA = β A ΔT
where β is the coefficient of superficial expansion, A is the original area, and ΔT is the temperature change.
Since area is related to length by A = L², the relation between β and α is:
β = 2α
3. Cubical Expansion (γ):
The change in volume (ΔV) for a material due to temperature change is given by:
ΔV = γ V ΔT
where γ is the coefficient of cubical expansion, V is the original volume, and ΔT is the temperature change.
Since volume is related to length by V = L³, the relation between γ and α is:
γ = 3α
4. Relation between α, β, and γ:
Combining the equations above:
β = 2α and γ = 3α
So the relation between three coefficients of expansion is,
β = 2α and γ = 3α
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Define coefficient of liner expansion. Write an expression for it. Give its limits.
The coefficient of linear expansion, denoted by α, is defined as the fractional change in length of the material for a unit change in temperature at constant pressure when the material is heated or cooled. Mathematically, it is defined as: α = (1/L) * (dL/dT) where α is the coefficient of linear expRead more
The coefficient of linear expansion, denoted by α, is defined as the fractional change in length of the material for a unit change in temperature at constant pressure when the material is heated or cooled.
Mathematically, it is defined as:
α = (1/L) * (dL/dT)
where
α is the coefficient of linear expansion,
L is the initial length of the material,
dL is the change in length,
dT is the change in temperature.
The units of α are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
Limits:
– α is nearly constant for most solids in a narrow range of temperature.
– The value of α increases with temperature for some materials but is constant for many solid materials within small variations in temperature.
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