Statement (D) is incorrect because isoseismic lines are almost always irregular. They connect points of equal earthquake intensity, which depends on local geology, soil type and building density. Since ground conditions and rock types vary significantly across a region, the ...
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Bajirao I revolutionized Maratha warfare by prioritizing speed and mobility over heavy equipment. His “light cavalry” could travel vast distances in short periods, allowing him to outmaneuver the slow-moving, artillery-heavy Mughal armies. This tactical advantage enabled him to strike deep ...
The Maratha political system evolved into a loose confederacy of semi-autonomous chiefs rather than a rigid, centralized bureaucracy. Unlike the Mughal “Mansabdari” system, where officials were frequently transferred to prevent local power bases, Maratha sardars held hereditary control over their ...
Chauth was a tax amounting to one-fourth of the land revenue, levied by the Marathas on non-Maratha territories. In exchange for this payment, the Marathas guaranteed protection against external invasions and, more importantly, promised not to raid the territory themselves. ...
Following the 1761 disaster, the central authority of the Peshwa significantly weakened. This vacuum allowed powerful regional sardars (chiefs) to assert their independence. The resulting internal rivalries, particularly between the houses of Scindia and Holkar, prevented the Marathas from presenting ...