Molecular speeds of gases refer to the velocities of gas molecules in motion. They include the most probable speed, average speed, and root mean square speed. These speeds depend on temperature and molecular mass. Higher temperatures increase molecular speeds while heavier molecules move slower. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution explains the variation in molecular speeds.
Class 11 Physics Chapter 12 covers Waves for the CBSE Exam 2024-25. It explains wave motion and types of waves. Key topics include transverse and longitudinal waves, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, velocity and the principle of superposition. The chapter also discusses reflection, refraction, interference, resonance, Doppler effect and standing waves in detail.
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The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution gives the statistical distribution of molecular speeds in a gas at a given temperature. It is defined as:
f(v) = (m / 2πk_B T)^(3/2) * 4πv² * exp(-mv² / 2k_B T)
where:
– m is the mass of a gas molecule,
– k_B is Boltzmann’s constant,
– T is the temperature,
– v is the molecular speed.
This distribution shows that most molecules have speeds around a certain value, but some move much slower or much faster.
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