Cubical expansion refers to the increase in volume of a substance when it is heated. It occurs due to the expansion of all three dimensions—length, breadth, and height. The amount of volume change depends on the material’s coefficient of cubical expansion and the temperature change it undergoes.
Thermal properties of matter deal with how substances respond to temperature changes. This includes concepts like temperature expansion specific heat capacity and latent heat. When a substance is heated its atoms or molecules vibrate more vigorously leading to expansion. Thermal equilibrium is when objects reach the same temperature and heat transfer stops.
The coefficient of cubical expansion (β) of a substance is the fractional change in its volume for a unit change in temperature, when the substance is heated or cooled at constant pressure.
Mathematically, it is defined as:
β = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
where:
– β is the coefficient of cubical expansion,
– V is the initial volume,
– dV is the change in volume,
– dT is the change in temperature.
The units of β are per degree Celsius (°C⁻¹) or per Kelvin (K⁻¹).
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