Thermal properties refer to how materials respond to changes in temperature. These include thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and the ability to store heat. Understanding these properties helps in designing materials and systems that efficiently transfer or retain heat, as in engines, buildings, and other thermal applications.
Class 11 Physics Chapter 10 Thermal Properties of Matter discusses heat temperature thermal expansion specific heat and thermal conductivity. It explains how substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. The chapter also covers methods of heat transfer including conduction convection and radiation and the laws of thermodynamics with practical applications in daily life.
1. Heat is the energy transferred between systems because of a temperature difference, and temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
2. Heat is measured in joules (J) or calories, while temperature is measured in Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).
3. Heat depends on mass, type of material, and temperature change while temperature is independent of mass.
4. Heat can be transferred through conduction, convection, or radiation while temperature determines the direction of heat flow.
5. Heat causes a change in the internal energy or state of a substance while temperature measures the intensity of heat within the substance.
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