Which of the following concepts is not shared by the Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain schools of thought?
One concept that is not shared by the Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain schools of thought is the idea of a permanent soul (Ātman). In Vedic philosophy, particularly in Hinduism, the concept of Ātman refers to the eternal self or soul. In contrast, Buddhism rejects the notion of a permanent self, teaching the doctrine of Anatta, or non-self, which posits that there is no unchanging, permanent essence in beings. Jainism, while acknowledging the existence of individual souls, emphasizes the concept of soul as distinct and eternal, making this idea a point of divergence among the three traditions.
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While the concepts of karma, rebirth, and ahimsa are common across Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, the Vedic tradition is more characterized by polytheism and ritual worship of multiple deities. In contrast, Buddhism and Jainism emphasize ethical conduct and philosophical teachings, focusing on personal spiritual development and the cultivation of virtues to attain liberation. This distinction highlights the diverse approaches to spirituality and morality within these Indian religious traditions. Therefore option 2 is correct.
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