Methanol is far more toxic than ethanol. Even very small quantities of methanol can be lethal. Methanol is oxidized to methanal (formaldehyde) in the liver, which then rapidly reacts with cellular components, coagulating protoplasm and affecting the optic nerve, potentially causing blindness.
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Methanol and ethanol differ significantly in terms of toxicity. Methanol is highly toxic and metabolized in the body to formaldehyde and formic acid, which can cause severe damage to the optic nerve and other organs, potentially leading to blindness and death. In contrast, ethanol, found in alcoholic beverages, is less toxic, and its metabolism produces acetaldehyde, a less harmful compound. While excessive ethanol consumption can lead to health issues, including liver damage and addiction, it is less acutely toxic than methanol. Methanol poisoning requires immediate medical attention due to its potentially lethal effects.