NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5
The Fundamental Unit of Life
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-65
Questions No-1
Can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic material?
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Mitochondria and plastids are the two organelles that contain their own genetic material. Both these organelles have their own DNA and ribosomes.
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(a) Mitochondria; (D) Chloroplasts (plastids).
The two organelles that contain their own genetic material are:
1. Mitochondria:
– Known as the cell’s “powerhouses,” mitochondria produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
– They have their own DNA, separate from the cell’s nucleus, and replicate independently.
– Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) holds genes essential for mitochondrial function.
2. Chloroplasts:
– Found in plant cells and some algae, chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose.
– Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own DNA and replicate autonomously.
– Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) contains genes crucial for photosynthesis.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own genetic material, supporting the theory of endosymbiosis, where these organelles originated from independent prokaryotic organisms that established a symbiotic relationship within ancestral eukaryotic cells.