In humans, 31 pairs of nerves emerge from the spinal cord. These spinal nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and various parts of the body, facilitating movement and sensation.
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The control center of reflex actions is – In the vertebral cord. Reflex actions are rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli that are mediated by neural circuits within the spinal cord, bypassing the brain’s involvement for quicker reactions to potential threats ...
The process of respiration takes place in Mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles responsible for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to break down glucose molecules and produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
In humans, the amount of O₂ in the air exhaled during respiration is 16%. Exhaled air contains a lower concentration of oxygen compared to inhaled air because oxygen is absorbed by the body’s tissues during cellular respiration.
As a result of complete oxidation of glucose, 38 molecules of ATP are formed. This process occurs through cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, producing a large amount of ATP.