A chapbook was a small, inexpensive book sold in Europe, often for a penny, making it accessible to ordinary people, including the poor. It contained stories, ballads, folktales or practical information, serving both entertainment and educational purposes for a wide ...
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Napoleon’s reforms modernised administration through uniform laws, efficient taxation and the Napoleonic Code ensuring equality. However, his expansionist wars and strict control angered people, who saw the French as conquerors rather than liberators, leading to resistance in several European regions.
The Bretton Woods system, formed in 1944, ensured economic stability by fixing exchange rates and creating IMF and World Bank. Its 1971 collapse ended fixed rates, encouraging free trade, foreign investment and flexible markets — marking the rise of globalisation.
The Tamils demanded that their language, Tamil, be recognised as one of the official languages of Sri Lanka. They wanted regional autonomy in Tamil-majority areas.
Political parties are vital for democracy as they organize elections, form governments, express public opinion and provide political education. Without them, citizens cannot collectively express their will or ensure accountable governance, making democracy ineffective and directionless.