All of the options are true regarding Shivaji’s land revenue system. He set the initial tax at 33%, later raising it to 40%. He opposed intermediaries like Zamindars and adopted the Ryotwari system (direct collection from the cultivators). He also ...
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In Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan, the ‘Sar-e-Naubat’ (also Senapati) meant the Commander-in-Chief. He was responsible for the recruitment, discipline and organization of the Maratha army. Critically, the Sar-e-Naubat was primarily a military officer and had no civil authority, ensuring military power remained ...
The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb consistently referred to Shivaji using derogatory terms like ‘mountain rat’ (pahari chuha) and a ‘daring bandit’. These terms reflected the Mughal court’s frustration with Shivaji’s successful guerrilla tactics and his ability to repeatedly evade capture, undermine ...
Shivaji’s last major military campaign was the Karnataka campaign (1677–1678). This campaign was highly successful, bringing significant territories in the south (including Jinji and Vellore) under Maratha control, extending the state’s reach to the east coast and providing immense wealth, ...
On the occasion of his coronation, Shivaji did NOT abolish all types of taxes. In fact, he started a new era (Rajya Shaka), had a new seal made and assumed grand titles like Kshatriyakulavatans and’Haindava Dharmoddharak. Abolishing all taxes was ...