Australia is the only continent with no active volcanoes. While it has many extinct volcanic peaks and evidence of ancient volcanic activity (like the Great Dividing Range), it lacks current eruptions because it sits in the middle of a tectonic ...
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A Caldera is strictly associated with volcanoes. It is a large, cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a large explosive eruption. This structural collapse creates a basin much larger than the original vent, ...
A Dike is a type of intrusive (plutonic) volcanic landform. It is formed when magma forces its way vertically or sub-vertically through existing rock layers and solidifies. Unlike a sill, which is horizontal and parallel to rock layers, a dike ...
A Meander is a landform created by fluvial (river) action, not volcanic activity. It refers to the winding curves or bends in a river’s course caused by erosion and deposition. Sills, dikes, lava plateaus and lava plains are all formed ...
A Fjord is not related to volcanic activity; it is a glacial landform. It is a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, formed by the submergence of a glaciated valley. Craters, calderas and geysers are all ...