Turning and loosening the soil before cultivation are essential practices for several reasons. These actions improve soil aeration, allowing better oxygen supply to plant roots and soil-dwelling organisms. Enhanced soil porosity facilitates water infiltration, reducing the risk of waterlogging and promoting efficient water usage by plants. Loosening the soil also creates a favorable environment for root penetration, encouraging the development of a robust root system. Furthermore, it aids in breaking up compacted soil, preventing impediments to root growth. Overall, turning and loosening the soil are critical steps in soil preparation, optimizing conditions for successful crop cultivation and promoting overall soil health.