Why does an object above the water surface appear to be at a higher height than its actual position to a person underwater?

An object above the water surface appears to be at a higher height than its actual position to a person underwater due to the refraction of light (Option A). Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water. As light travels from the less dense medium (air) to the denser medium (water), it bends towards the normal line. This bending of light alters the perceived position of objects, making them appear higher than they truly are. The degree of this optical distortion depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the two media. For an observer underwater, this refraction shifts the apparent location of objects above the surface, leading to a visual effect where they seem elevated. This phenomenon is a common optical illusion experienced when looking up at objects from beneath the water.