Why do a large number of people live in the Northern plains?

The Northern Plains of India, comprising the fertile Indo-Gangetic region, harbor a substantial population due to a confluence of geographic, climatic, and historical factors. The rich alluvial soil deposited by rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Yamuna renders the plains exceptionally fertile, supporting intensive agriculture and multiple cropping seasons. Abundant water resources from these rivers facilitate irrigation, contributing to high agricultural productivity. The region’s temperate climate, with distinct seasons, further enhances its agricultural suitability.

The Northern Plains also boast a flat topography, easing transportation and communication, and historically attracting settlements and trade. Major urban centers, including Delhi and Kolkata, have evolved into hubs of economic activity, drawing people seeking livelihoods and opportunities. Additionally, the plains hold historical significance as the cradle of ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley, fostering cultural heritage and societal development. Government investment in infrastructure and development has further fueled population growth, transforming the Northern Plains into a demographic epicenter and an economic powerhouse within India.