Why did European employers find it difficult to recruit labour in Africa? Give two methods they used to recruit and retain labour’

(a) European employers found it difficult to recruit labour in Africa because there was abundant land and a relatively small population. There was plenty of livestock as well. As a result of it, there was shortage of labour to work for wages’
(b) Two methods adopted by the European employers to recruit and retain labour were as given below:
(i) Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid only by working for wages on plantations and mines.
(ii) Inheritance laws were changed which displaced the peasants from land. Only one member of a family was allowed to inherit land, as a result of which the others were pushed into the labour market.
(iii) Mineworkers were also confined in compounds and nor allowed to move about freely.

for more answers vist to:
https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-10/social-science/history/chapter-1/