Polar regions receive slanting sunrays that spread over a larger surface and pass through more atmosphere, losing energy. Equatorial regions get direct rays that are more concentrated. Hence, polar areas stay cold, while equatorial zones are hot and humid year-round.
Class 7 Social Science Textbook Chapter 3 Climates of India Question Answer
Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 Climates of India Solutions
The polar regions are colder because the sun’s rays reach them at an angle, spreading energy over a larger area and passing through a thicker layer of atmosphere. This reduces the intensity of heat received. In contrast, equatorial regions receive direct and vertical sunlight, concentrating more energy in a smaller area, making them consistently hot. This difference in solar energy distribution due to Earth’s curvature leads to extreme cold in the poles and high temperatures at the equator.
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