The universal law of gravitation was propounded by Newton, denoted by option [A]. Sir Isaac Newton formulated this law in his seminal work “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica,” published in 1687. This law describes the gravitational force between two objects, based on their masses and the distance between them. It is a cornerstone of classical mechanics and astrophysics, providing insights into celestial mechanics, planetary orbits, and the dynamics of objects in space. Newton’s law of gravitation states that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This law revolutionized our understanding of the universe, laying the groundwork for further advancements in physics and astronomy.