The inventor of the smallpox vaccine is Edward Jenner. In 1796, Jenner pioneered the development of the smallpox vaccine, a breakthrough in the history of medicine. Jenner’s innovation involved using material from cowpox lesions to inoculate individuals against smallpox, a deadly viral disease. This process, known as vaccination, led to the eradication of smallpox globally. Sir Frederick Grant Banting (a) discovered insulin, Sir Alexander Fleming (b) discovered penicillin, and Louis Pasteur (d) made significant contributions to microbiology, including the development of vaccines for rabies and anthrax, but he did not invent the smallpox vaccine.