Humayun was decisively defeated by the Afghan chieftain Sher Shah Suri (then known as Sher Khan) in the Battle of Chausa in 1539 AD. This crushing defeat forced Humayun to flee, temporarily dismantling Mughal authority. Sher Khan subsequently adopted the title Sher Shah, signaling the beginning of the short-lived Sur Empire in Delhi. The correct answer is (B) Sher Shah.
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In the pivotal Battle of Chausa (1539 AD), the Mughal Emperor Humayun suffered a major defeat at the hands of Sher Shah Suri. The battle was fought near Buxar, on the banks of the Ganges River. The disaster was so complete that Humayun nearly drowned while escaping. This victory allowed Sher Shah to proclaim himself an independent ruler and he solidified his control the following year by again defeating Humayun at the Battle of Kannauj (Bilhaura).