Mubarak Shah Khalji, the last ruler of the Khalji dynasty, declared himself the ‘Caliph’, a title traditionally reserved for supreme religious authority in the Islamic world. By assuming this title, he aimed to enhance his political legitimacy and spiritual status before his subjects. Mubarak Shah sought to assert complete independence from the influence of religious scholars and external Islamic powers. His rule was marked by attempts to reverse the strict policies of his predecessor, Alauddin Khalji, and present himself as a liberal and benevolent ruler. However, his reign was short-lived due to political conspiracies that eventually led to his assassination.