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Who are the major contributors to policy-making and implementation?

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Key contributors include the legislature, political executive, civil servants, judiciary, think tanks and policy experts. Additionally, active citizens, media, private industry bodies and civil society organizations shape policy design, funding, monitoring and grassroots execution.

Class 9 Social Science Part 2 All Chapters Solutions
Class 9 Social Science part 2 chapter 4 question answer

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  1. Policy formulation involves elected legislators who debate bills, political executives who set strategic goals and specialized bureaucrats who draft regulations. Judicial rulings establish constitutional boundaries. Outside government, civil society groups, academic researchers and industry associations provide field data and lobbying. Implementation depends heavily on district administrations, municipal bodies, frontline workers, police forces and community organizations working collaboratively to deliver public services.

     

    For more NCERT Solutions of Class 9 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 4 Governance and Public Policy Question Answer (2026-27)

    https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/part-2-chapter-4/

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