Who among the following abolished the system of paying salaries to the army in cash and ordered payment through ‘wazeh’ (right to collect land tax) or ‘itlaq’ (letter for money order)?
Firoz Shah Tughlaq reorganised certain fiscal and salary arrangements by moving away from direct cash salaries toward systems where military pay could be dispensed as rights to collect land revenue (wazeh) or via official money orders (itlaq), reflecting practical budgetary adjustments and decentralised pay systems. Answer: (A) Firoz Tughlaq
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To manage state finances and administration, Firoz Shah Tughlaq implemented reforms altering how salaries and maintenance payments were handled. Instead of cash salaries, he often authorised officials and soldiers to collect revenues directly via wazeh (a right to collect land tax) or to obtain payments through itlaq (official payment orders). These mechanisms reduced administrative burdens on the central treasury, tied pay to land revenue flows and delegated collection responsibilities — a pragmatic approach to maintaining an army and bureaucracy within financial constraints.