Which of the following were the reasons for the Turks’ defeat of the Rajputs? 1. Their society was separatist and conservative 2. The caste system based on inequality 3. The decline of science and technology 4. The Indians’ policy of peace and non-violence
The Turks defeated the Rajputs mainly because Indian society had grown conservative and divided, with the caste system restricting unity and innovation. Additionally, scientific and technological stagnation kept military methods outdated. The idea that Indians followed a fixed policy of peace and non-violence is incorrect; Rajputs were warriors. Therefore, only the first three reasons are historically accurate. ANSWER: (C) 1, 2 and 3
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The Rajputs faced defeat against the Turks due to several structural weaknesses within Indian society. Their social system had become rigid and conservative, weakening internal cohesion. The caste hierarchy further divided society and limited technological or military progress. Declining scientific knowledge and outdated warfare methods left Rajput armies at a disadvantage compared to the well-organized, mobile cavalry of the Turks. The fourth statement—that Indians followed a policy of non-violence—is historically false, as Rajputs were active warriors who fought numerous battles. Thus, the reasons for defeat include social rigidity, caste-based inequalities and technological decline, making statements 1, 2 and 3 correct.