Foreign names for India developed primarily through interactions with various cultures and languages, often based on local terms for the region’s prominent features. For instance, the name “India” derives from the River Indus, which was referred to as “Sindhu” in Sanskrit and was adapted by Persian speakers. Over time, as trade, exploration, and conquest expanded, these names evolved and were further influenced by Greek, Arabic, and European languages, reflecting the diverse perspectives of those who encountered the subcontinent.
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Many foreign names for India, including “Hindu,” “Indoi,” and “Yindu,” trace their origins to the Indus River, which was originally called “Sindhu” in Sanskrit. As ancient civilizations interacted with the region, Persian speakers adapted “Sindhu” to “Hindu,” leading to the development of these various names. This linguistic evolution reflects the river’s historical significance as a geographic marker and cultural symbol, underscoring the interconnectedness of language and identity in shaping perceptions of the Indian subcontinent. Therefore option 4 is the correct option.
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