Which of the following causes were responsible for the decline of the Delhi Sultanate? 1. Weak administration 2. Timur’s invasion 3. Lack of a clear policy of annexation 4. Rise of a composite culture
The Delhi Sultanate declined due to weak central administration, repeated internal conflicts and Timur’s destructive invasion. Additionally, the lack of a clear annexation or succession policy weakened political stability. The rise of composite culture did not harm the Sultanate; rather, it enriched society culturally. Thus, the first three causes are correct. ANSWER: (A) 1, 2 and 3
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The decline of the Delhi Sultanate resulted from administrative weaknesses, political fragmentation and external invasions. Later rulers lacked the strength and capability of early Sultans, allowing nobles to become powerful and rebellious. Timur’s brutal invasion in 1398 devastated Delhi’s economy, population and military structure. The Sultanate also lacked a consistent policy of territorial expansion or proper succession rules, leading to instability. Meanwhile, the growth of composite culture—Hindi-Persian linguistic and cultural fusion—was a positive development and not a cause of political decline. Therefore, weak governance, Timur’s invasion and unclear expansion policies were the main factors.