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Which of the following accurately describes the ancient Indian understanding of their geography, as seen in Tamil literature?
Ancient Tamil literature, particularly texts like the Sangam poetry, reflects a detailed understanding of Indian geography, categorizing the land into distinct ecological zones known as “Tinais”. These zones included Kurinji (mountains), Mullai (forests), Marudham (agricultural lands), Neidhal (coastal areas), and Palai (deserts). This classification shows a sophisticated awareness of the region’s diverse landscapes, with each zone associated with specific livelihoods, cultures, and poetic themes, highlighting the deep connection between the environment and Tamil society.
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Ancient Tamil literature extols a king whose fame stretches from Cape Kumari at the southern tip of India to the northern great mountains, reflecting a profound geographical awareness of the subcontinent. This reference signifies the extent of the king’s influence and the cultural and political connections across diverse regions. Such literary depictions not only celebrate the king’s achievements but also highlight the interconnectedness of various parts of ancient India, showcasing the rich tapestry of its history and geography. So we can say that option 2 is correct.
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