Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, took the regal title “Alamgir,” which translates to “World Conqueror.” This title matched his military ambition, as he expanded Mughal authority to its greatest territorial extent. His rule, lasting from 1658 to 1707, was marked by extensive Deccan campaigns, strict Islamic policies and administrative discipline. Although he succeeded in extending the empire, constant warfare drained resources and created widespread unrest. His reign remains debated because, while he strengthened Mughal military control, his policies contributed to the empire’s long-term decline. The title “Alamgir” symbolizes both his power and the controversies surrounding his rule.