Which factor best explains why Maratha authority was more extractive than administrative in northern India?
In Northern India, Maratha rule was often characterized by revenue extraction (Chauth) rather than deep-seated administrative reform. This was primarily due to the “short duration” and instability of their control. Constant warfare with Afghans, Jats and Mughals forced the Marathas to prioritize immediate financial gain to pay their troops rather than investing in a long-term civil bureaucracy. ANSWER: (A) Short duration of control
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The Maratha presence in the North was frequently challenged, making it difficult to establish a stable administrative framework like they had in the Deccan. Their primary objective was to secure “Chauth” to sustain their expensive military expeditions. Because their control over provinces like Malwa and Rajasthan was often interrupted by invasions or internal revolts, they relied on local intermediaries and revenue farming. This extractive approach provided quick wealth but failed to win the “hearts and minds” of the local population. Consequently, the Marathas were often viewed as outsiders or raiders rather than legitimate successors to the Mughal administrative tradition.