What were the main teachings of the Mahavira?

Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, imparted fundamental teachings centered around ethical conduct, spiritual discipline, and the pursuit of liberation. Foremost among his doctrines is ahimsa, the principle of non-violence extended to all living beings. Mahavira stressed the importance of compassion and non-injury in thought, speech, and action.

Anekantavada, another pivotal concept, underscores the relativity of truth and encourages acceptance of diverse perspectives. Mahavira advocated aparigraha, emphasizing non-possessiveness and detachment from material possessions to reduce the karmic burden. Truthfulness (satya), non-stealing (asteya), and celibacy or responsible conduct in relationships (brahmacharya) constitute additional moral precepts.

Mahavira outlined five major vows (Mahavratas) for serious adherents, including the aforementioned principles, forming a comprehensive ethical framework. These teachings collectively guide followers towards spiritual purity, ethical living, and the pursuit of moksha, liberation from the cycle of birth and death. By adhering to these principles, Mahavira envisioned a path to eternal bliss and enlightenment, fostering a harmonious existence with oneself and the interconnected web of life.