The observation that objects dropped from a height fall towards the Earth and that planets orbit around the Sun indicated the presence of a force acting upon them.
What observation led to the understanding of the existence of gravitational force?
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The observation that led to the understanding of the existence of gravitational force was the consistent motion of celestial bodies, such as the planets orbiting the Sun and the Moon orbiting Earth. These motions suggested a force acting between masses, later formulated by Newton as the law of universal gravitation.