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The plural form of “millennium” is “millennia.” A millennium refers to a period of 1,000 years, and “millennia” is used when discussing multiple such periods, often in the context of historical timelines or significant long-term events.
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The last Ice Age, known as the Pleistocene Epoch, concluded approximately 12,000 years ago, marking a significant shift in Earth’s climate and ecosystems. During this period, massive glaciers covered large portions of North America, Europe, and Asia, profoundly affecting landscapes and biodiversity. The end of the Pleistocene ushered in warmer temperatures, leading to the retreat of glaciers, the emergence of modern ecosystems, and significant changes in human societies, including the transition to agriculture and settled communities. Therefore option 1 is the correct answer.
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