NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 7
Control and Coordination
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Exercises Questions
Page No-126
Questions No-4
What is the function of receptors in our body? Think of situations where receptors do not work properly. What problems are likely to arise?
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Receptors are sensory structures (organs/tissues or cells) present all over the body. The receptors are either grouped in case of eye or ear, or scattered in case of skin. Functions of receptors:
 They sense the external stimuli such as heat or pain.
 They also trigger an impulse in the sensory neuron which sends message to the spinal cord. When the receptors are damaged, the external stimuli transferring signals to the brain are not felt. For example, in the case of damaged receptors, if we accidentally touch any hot object, then our hands might get burnt as damaged receptors cannot perceive the external stimuli of heat and pain.
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Receptors provide information about the external environment so that the brain can instruct a related to organ to take necessary action. Receptors play an important role in our survival. Let us take the example of a person with hearing impairment. Certain ordinary task would be very difficult for that person. For example; while walking on the road, the person needs to hear the sound of vehicles moving near him. Without hearing those sounds, he would not be in a position to move safely on the road.
Receptors are cells, tissues and organs which are capable of receiving particular stimuli and initiate impulses to be picked up by sensory nerves. these receptors are located in our sense organs such as the inner ear, nose, tongue, eye, skin etc. In case any of the receptors do not work properly we will not be able to perceive that particular information. For example, if our gustatory receptors located in tongue do not work we will not perceive the taste of food such as sour, sweet, salty or bitter.
Receptors in the human body play a crucial role in detecting and responding to various stimuli from the internal and external environments. These receptors are specialized proteins or cells that can recognize and bind to specific signaling molecules, like hormones, neurotransmitters, or environmental factors, and initiate specific cellular responses. The functions of receptors include:
1. Sensory Reception: Receptors in the sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears, skin, taste buds, and olfactory receptors) detect sensory stimuli such as light, sound, touch, taste, and odor, allowing us to perceive and respond to our surroundings.
2. Hormone Regulation: Receptors on the surface or inside cells can bind to hormones, allowing the body to regulate various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and homeostasis.
3. Nervous System Function: Neurons in the nervous system contain receptors that can detect neurotransmitters, enabling the transmission of signals within the nervous system and facilitating communication between cells.
4. Immune Response: Immune cells have receptors that recognize foreign antigens or pathogens, triggering an immune response to defend against infections.
When receptors do not work properly, it can lead to a range of health issues and problems, depending on the type of receptors affected. Some examples of problems that may arise when receptors are dysfunctional include:
1. Sensory Deficits: Malfunctioning sensory receptors can lead to sensory impairments such as blindness, deafness, loss of taste or smell, and decreased sensitivity to touch.
2. Hormonal Imbalance: Ineffective hormone receptors can disrupt the body’s ability to regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and blood sugar levels, potentially leading to conditions like diabetes or hormonal imbalances.
3. Neurological Disorders: Aberrant neuronal receptors can result in neurological disorders, affecting mood, cognition, and motor function. Conditions like depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease can be linked to receptor dysfunction.
4. Immunodeficiency: If immune cell receptors fail to recognize and respond to pathogens or antigens, it can lead to a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases.
5. Drug Resistance: In some cases, receptors can develop mutations that reduce their affinity for certain medications. This can result in reduced responsiveness to treatments and make diseases more challenging to manage.
Overall, the proper functioning of receptors is essential for maintaining homeostasis and health in the human body. When receptors do not work as intended, it can lead to a wide range of physiological and medical problems, often requiring medical intervention and treatment.