The Arthaśhāstra is mentioned twice in the chapter — once under “Understanding Society through Time and Traditions” and again in more detail under the “Political Science” section. It is presented as proof that structured thinking about governance, taxation, administration, and the economy existed in India roughly 2,300 years ago, well before Political Science or Economics became separate academic subjects. Your answer should include the author’s name, the approximate time period, and the range of topics it covered (administration, taxation, army, and ruler’s duties) to show its comprehensive nature.
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The Arthaśhāstra, attributed to Kauṭilya, was composed about 2,300 years ago. It examined administration, economic management, taxation, and the duties of rulers toward their people. Such works show that systematic thinking about governance and the economy existed long before modern academic disciplines developed.
Check the detailed explanations here: https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/chapter-1/