What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution.

The consumer movement in India originated due to exploitative practices and a lack of consumer rights. Its evolution:

1. 1950s-1960s: Initial sporadic efforts by activists to address consumer grievances.

2. 1970s-1980s: Formation of consumer organizations and the establishment of the Consumer Protection Act in 1986, setting up forums for grievance redressal.

3. 1990s-Present: Liberalization increased consumer awareness, leading to more active forums and digital platforms for grievance redressal.

4. Current Focus: Empowerment through education about rights, advocacy for fair practices, and ensuring access to effective grievance redressal mechanisms.