The barbed-wire fence symbolizes the gold foil in Rutherford’s experiment, with the gaps in the fence representing the empty space within an atom and the possibility of alpha particles passing through without deflection.
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In Rutherford’s experiment, the barbed-wire fence symbolizes the nucleus of an atom. Like the fence constraining and redirecting movement, the nucleus directs the paths of alpha particles, revealing its dense, central presence amidst the vast space of the atom.