The barbed-wire fence symbolizes the gold foil in Rutherford’s experiment, with the gaps in the fence representing the empty space within an atom and the possibility of alpha particles passing through without deflection.
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The barbed-wire fence in Rutherford’s experiment symbolizes the atomic nucleus. Just as the fence restricts and directs movement, the nucleus confines and determines the paths of particles in the experiment, leading to the discovery of its compact, dense structure.